A Review of Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Motors: Topological Structures, Design, Optimization and Control Techniques

Hao, Zhuo; Ma, Yangyang; Wang, Pengyu; Luo, Geng; Chen, Yisong

doi:10.3390/machines10121178

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…У цій роботі також узагальнено результати виробництва та практичного використання основних типів цього типу двигунів. Наступною роботою, яка узагальнює основні етапи розвитку електричних двигунів з аксіальним магнітним потоком, є робота [4], у якій також узагальнено питання електромагнітного моделювання, оптимізації та керування електричних двигунів з аксіальним магнітним потоком. Робота спирається на 126 посилань.…”

Section: аналіз публікаційunclassified

Calculation of the parameters of an axial flux motor as an actuator of automotive systems

Nechaus

2024

VEIT

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Problem. Axial flux electric motors offer several significant advantages compared to electric motors of traditional design. Currently, scientific periodicals contain numerous publications regarding the development and use of axial flux electric motors with printed windings across various fields. These include applications such as HDD-drives in computer technology, fans and pumps of various capacities, propulsion systems for bicycles and motorcycles, including in-wheel motors, manipulator drives for machine tools and industrial robots, and even within space technologies. Research confirms the high efficiency and size-to-weight ratios of axial flux motors when modern technologies are employed. However, there is little information available regarding the application of such motors in automotive electromechanical equipment. A distinctive feature of automotive electrical systems is their predominantly 12 V onboard power supply, along with high demands on size-to-weight ratios and reliability in conditions of elevated vibrations and wide temperature ranges. In this context, the development of an axial flux motor for automotive applications becomes relevant, particularly as an actuating mechanism for auxiliary systems such as window lifters, windshield wipers, air conditioning, and cooling fans, etc. Goal. The goal of the article is to determine the feasibility of using an axial flux electric motor as an actuator for automotive auxiliary systems by comparing its calculated parameters with the parameters of motors of traditional design using modern technologies and materials. Methodology. The methods and algorithms used for the calculation of electric machines take into account the characteristics and physical processes specific to axial flux machines with printed windings and permanent magnet arrays. Results. A comparison of the obtained characteristics of the designed motor with the characteristics of a modern prototype of traditional design was conducted. Based on the comparison, it was determined that the designed motor has better size-to-weight ratios while maintaining energy performance. Consequently, a conclusion was drawn about the feasibility of using electric motors with axial flux as actuators for automotive auxiliary systems. Originality. The prototype of the designed motor is considered to be a 250 W DC motor with a supply voltage of 12 V. The imposed constraint on the external diameter of the designed motor is set to 100 mm. Practical value. At the same output power and nearly identical torque, the calculated motor exhibits higher size-to-weight ratios. The weight of the calculated motor is 46% of the weight of the prototype. With an external diameter 54% larger than the prototype, the axial length of the calculated motor is 73% smaller. The mass of the calculated motor is 2.34 times smaller than the mass of the prototype.

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Section: аналіз публікаційunclassified

Calculation of the parameters of an axial flux motor as an actuator of automotive systems

Nechaus

2024

VEIT

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“…In a multi-stage configuration, the torque and power density are improved without increasing the diameter of the machine. Compared to RFPM machines, multi-stage AFPM machines are easier to assemble due to their planar air gap [61].…”

Section: Multi-stator Multi-rotor (Msmr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Wheel Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends

et al. 2023

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Recently, there has been significant attention given to the electrification of transportation due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Conventional drive systems typically include a clutch, reduction gear, and mechanical differential, which results in power loss, noise, vibration, and additional maintenance. However, in-wheel motor drive technology eliminates the need for these components, providing benefits such as higher system efficiency, improved wheel control, and increased passenger comfort. This article offers a comprehensive review of the technology and development of in-wheel motor drives. It begins with an overview of in-wheel motor drives in electric vehicles, followed by an exploration of the types of electric motors suitable for in-wheel motor drives. The paper then presents an industrial state of the art of in-wheel motors, comparing them with conventional motor drives, and reviews the implemented power electronics, control system, and cooling systems. Finally, the paper concludes by providing an outlook on the challenges and future trends of in-wheel drive systems.

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“…The axial magnetic force is what generates vibrations and noise in this motor topology [42,57,58]. Moreover, in permanent magnet synchronous motors, another source of noise is cogging torque and torque ripple [59,60].…”

Section: Noise In Afmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise in Electric Motors: A Comprehensive Review

Gonzalez¹,

Buigues

Mazón

2023

Energies

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Electric machines are important devices that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy and are extensively used in a wide range of applications. Recent years have seen an increase in applications where electric motors are used. The frequent use of electric motors in noise-sensitive environments increases the requirements placed on electric motors intended for these applications, especially when compared to electric motors commonly used in industrial applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of electric motor noise. Firstly, a brief introduction to noise is given. Then, the sources of electromagnetic noise and vibration in electric machines, including mechanical, aerodynamic and electromagnetic factors, are presented. Different methods such as analytical, numerical and semi-analytical for calculating electromagnetic force, natural frequencies and noise are also analyzed. Various methods for noise reduction are presented, including skewing, stator and rotor notching and slot opening width. Finally, noise measurement standards and procedures are described.

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A Review of Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet Motors: Topological Structures, Design, Optimization and Control Techniques

Cited by 20 publications

References 114 publications

Calculation of the parameters of an axial flux motor as an actuator of automotive systems

Calculation of the parameters of an axial flux motor as an actuator of automotive systems

In-Wheel Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends

Noise in Electric Motors: A Comprehensive Review

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