A Review of Biaxial Test Methods for Composites

Smits, Arwen; Ramault, Carla; Makris, Andreas; Hemelrijck, Danny Van; Clarke, Andrew; Williamson, Carla; Gower, M R L; Shaw, R M; Mera, R D; Lamkanfi, Ebrahim; Paepegem, Wim Van

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6239-1_464

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The Type-II specimen was a fall back to the AFRL's original geometric design. [1][2][3] The specimens were still made out of a woven carbon fiber-epoxy composite, but instead of aluminum shims, a built-up panel design was used to reduce stresses away from the gage section. The intent of the built-up design was to avoid the abrupt change in area where the shims meet the composite.…”

Section: Type-ii Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The gage section is defined as the center of the intersecting loading arms in the cruciform specimen, where bi-axial stress occurs. [1][2][3] The purpose of the tapered thickness gage section is to increase the amount of bi-axial stress and force failure to occur in the gage section. If the cruciform specimen fails outside the gage section, then it is not failing under a bi-axial stressed state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the cruciform specimen fails outside the gage section, then it is not failing under a bi-axial stressed state. [1][2][3] The tapered thickness gage section is typically milled with a high speed mill and router to a depth of 25% the thickness on each side of the composite. [1][2][3] To reduce the stress concentration in the loading arms, the intersection points are rounded and curved inward toward the center of the specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] The tapered thickness gage section is typically milled with a high speed mill and router to a depth of 25% the thickness on each side of the composite. [1][2][3] To reduce the stress concentration in the loading arms, the intersection points are rounded and curved inward toward the center of the specimen. 4 By having the curvature of the intersecting arms come closer into the specimen, it reduces the amount of uni-axial stress at that point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of a modified bi-axial composite test specimen

Torres

Maji

2012

Journal of Composite Materials

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The significance of bi-axial testing is increasing with the use of composites in more complex applications and the advent of new manufacturing techniques (Ash and Welsh. It is believed that the fabrication process used to make composite bi-axial specimens induces initial damage into the specimen (Smits. Exp Anal Nano Eng Mater Struct 2007; 35: 933-934). Two different methods were developed to reduce the amount of damage induced into a bi-axial tests specimen. In addition, the effect of stress concentration due to a center hole added to a composite bi-axial specimen is studied.

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Section: Type-ii Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The development of a modified bi-axial composite test specimen

Torres

Maji

2012

Journal of Composite Materials

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“…A great discussion about the existing biaxial test method, as well as the specimens geometry form and its correlation to Digital Image Techniques and Finite element models, can be found in [ 13 , 14 ], and also in [ 1 , 2 , 5 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Optimum Specimen Geometry for Equibiaxial Experimental Tests of Reinforced Magnetorheological Elastomers with Iron Micro- and Nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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The aim of this paper focused on obtaining the optimum cruciform geometry of reinforced magnetorheological elastomers (MRE) to perform homogeneous equibiaxial deformation tests, by using optimization algorithms and Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations. To validate the proposed specimen geometry, a digital image correlation (DIC) system was used to compare experimental result measurements with respect to those of FEM simulations. Moreover, and based on the optimum cruciform geometry, specimens produced from MRE reinforced with carbonyl-iron microparticles or iron nanoparticles were subjected to equibiaxial loading and unloading cycles to examine their Mullin’s effect and their residual strain deformations.

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Auslegung von Probekörpern aus Hartschaum zur Ermittlung der biaxialen Zugfestigkeit

Kolupaev

Becker

Massow

et al. 2014

Forsch Ingenieurwes

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At present parts made of hard polymer foams have many application. The design of these components is however based on the strength values gained primarily from tests on specimens under tension, compression, torsion and hydrostatic compression. Further loading conditions are required for the validation of an adjusted strength hypothesis appropriate for the description of the material behavior. This is especially important for multi-axial tension: there are almost no measurements existing that consider balanced biaxial and hydrostatic tensile loads. First, a suitable experimental setup is developed, which can be realized with a conventional tensile testing machine. In addition to the balanced biaxial stress state further biaxial tension stress states can be generated.The simple manner of force distribution requires a special form of the specimen. The following paper describes the design of two different hard foam specimens. The foam is considered as quasihomogeneous isotr opic material.Linear elastic behavior of the foams is assumed for the dimensioning of the specimen. The stresses arising in the specimen under loading are assessed with the strength hypothesis of Mohr-Coulomb. The maximal stress occurring in the notches between the locations of force introduction are minimized by the geometry of the specimen, in order to assure failure in the test area. The dimensions of the specimens are adapted to the commercially produced foam blocks.Failure at hydrostatic tension unfortunately can hardly be realized. Based on the experimental results from tension and balanced biaxial tension, the estimation of the hydrostatic stress is proposed and can be is also considered in the dimensioning of the test specimens

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A Review of Biaxial Test Methods for Composites

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

The development of a modified bi-axial composite test specimen

The development of a modified bi-axial composite test specimen

An Optimum Specimen Geometry for Equibiaxial Experimental Tests of Reinforced Magnetorheological Elastomers with Iron Micro- and Nanoparticles

Auslegung von Probekörpern aus Hartschaum zur Ermittlung der biaxialen Zugfestigkeit

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