A review of bio-degradable materials for fused deposition modeling machine

Shunmugasundaram, M.; Baig, Maughal Ahmed Ali; Kumar, Manoj

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.03.267

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[ 120,121 ] Furthermore, it is an environmental friendly material as it can be obtained from renewable sources, such as sugars and organic acids. [ 122,123 ]…”

Section: Poly(lactic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, many groups have investigated its properties and suitability to obtain scaffolds of different architectures and complexity. [ 6,122,136 ] One of the first aspect to consider in the manufacturing of PLA is the influence of the processing method on the material biocompatibility. Wurm et al.…”

Section: Poly(lactic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are the most diffused materials to produce filaments for FDM. [ 9,18 ] ABS is not suitable for tissue engineering applications because it is not biodegradable and, in medical applications, can only be used for surgical planning models. [ 19,20 ] However, not only PLA but polyesters in general are used in the biomedical field in a wide range of applications, because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and lack of toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Polyesters in Fused Deposition Modeling for Biomedical Applications

Grivet‐Brancot

Boffito

Ciardelli

2022

Macromolecular Bioscience

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In recent years, 3D printing techniques experience a growing interest in several sectors, including the biomedical one. Their main advantage resides in the possibility to obtain complex and personalized structures in a cost-effective way impossible to achieve with traditional production methods. This is especially true for fused deposition modeling (FDM), one of the most diffused 3D printing methods. The easy customization of the final products' geometry, composition, and physicochemical properties is particularly interesting for the increasingly personalized approach adopted in modern medicine. Thermoplastic polymers are the preferred choice for FDM applications, and a wide selection of biocompatible and biodegradable materials is available to this aim. Moreover, these polymers can also be easily modified before and after printing to better suit the body environment and the mechanical properties of biological tissues. This review focuses on the use of thermoplastic aliphatic polyesters for FDM applications in the biomedical field. In detail, the use of poly(𝝐-caprolactone), poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s, thermoplastic poly(ester urethane)s, and their blends is thoroughly surveyed, with particular attention to their main features, applicability, and workability. The state-of-the-art is presented and current challenges in integrating the additive manufacturing technology in the medical practice are discussed.

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“…[ 120,121 ] Furthermore, it is an environmental friendly material as it can be obtained from renewable sources, such as sugars and organic acids. [ 122,123 ]…”

Section: Poly(lactic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Poly(lactic Acid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Polyesters in Fused Deposition Modeling for Biomedical Applications

Grivet‐Brancot

Boffito

Ciardelli

2022

Macromolecular Bioscience

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“…Tissue engineering has recently incorporated 3D printing to produce scaffolds from biocompatible polymer blends, allowing for enhanced properties. Among the most commonly used polymers for 3D printed scaffolds are biodegradable ones, including polylactic acid, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), and polycaprolactone [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and Polycaprolactone (PCL) Based Blends for Tissue Engineering and Bone Medical Applications Processed by FDM 3D Printing

Krobot,

Melčová,

Menčík

et al. 2023

Polymers

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In the presented work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)–PHB-based composite blends for bone medical applications and tissue engineering are prepared and characterized. PHB used for the work was in two cases commercial and, in one case, was extracted by the chloroform-free route. PHB was then blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) or polycaprolactone (PCL) and plasticized by oligomeric adipate ester (Syncroflex, SN). Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles were used as a bioactive filler. Prepared polymer blends were processed into the form of 3D printing filaments. The samples for all the tests performed were prepared by FDM 3D printing or compression molding. Differential scanning calorimetry was conducted to evaluate the thermal properties, followed by optimization of printing temperature by temperature tower test and determination of warping coefficient. Tensile test, three-point flexural test, and compression test were performed to study the mechanical properties of materials. Optical contact angle measurement was conducted to determine the surface properties of these blends and their influence on cell adhesion. Cytotoxicity measurement of prepared blends was conducted to find out whether the prepared materials were non-cytotoxic. The best temperatures for 3D printing were 195/190, 195/175, and 195/165 °C for PHB-soap/PLA-SN, PHB/PCL-SN, and PHB/PCL-SN-TCP, respectively. Their mechanical properties (strengths ~40 MPa, moduli ~2.5 GPa) were comparable with human trabecular bone. The calculated surface energies of all blends were ~40 mN/m. Unfortunately, only two out of three materials were proven to be non-cytotoxic (both PHB/PCL blends).

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