A review of biochar-based catalysts for chemical synthesis, biofuel production, and pollution control

Xiong, Xinni; Yu, Iris K.M.; Cao, Lu; Tsang, Daniel C.W.; Zhang, Shicheng; Ok, Yong Sik

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.163

Cited by 452 publications

(171 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…Activation with steam [33] or carbon dioxide [9] can be performed to enhance the porous structure of the biomass chars. To improve the catalytic activity of these materials, several modifications can be applied, such as metal impregnation and chemical treatment [34]. These modification processes improve the char activity, but also increase the environmental footprint and materials costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity and deactivation mechanisms of pyrolysis chars from bio-waste during catalytic cracking of tar

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity and deactivation mechanisms of pyrolysis chars from bio-waste during catalytic cracking of tar

et al. 2019

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“…Massively produced biochars and their modified products are also referred to as engineered biochars (EngBCs). Available modification methods have been discussed in several review papers (Liu et al 2012;Rajapaksha et al 2016;Wang et al 2018a;Xiong et al 2017). The modification methods can be divided into four categories including chemical modifications (acid, alkali and oxidizer) (Boguta et al 2019;Huff and Lee 2016), physical modifications (steam/gas, ball milling, and microwave) (Lyu et al 2018;Morgan et al 2017; 1 2015), impregnation with metal (magnetic amendment and nanoparticle modification) (Harikishore Kumar Reddy and Lee 2014; Tan et al 2016) or organic sorbents (coating) (Zhou et al 2013), and biological modifications (Frankel et al 2016;Yao et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental behavior of engineered biochars and their aging processes in soil

Duan

Oleszczuk

Pan

et al. 2019

Biochar

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In recent years, due to the broad application of biochars, the preparation, environmental behavior and aging processes of biochars have attracted wide attention globally, especially the modification of biochars. However, most of the studies only consider the improvement of biochar properties right after the modification, but neglect a complete evaluation of the longterm stability and eco-toxicity of these newly developed materials after entering the environment. With the development and utilization of biochars, engineered biochars (EngBCs) will soon enter the market, but its environmental risk still remains unclear. The literature does not provide adequate information on how aging of EngBCs will affect their properties, and indirectly impact the properties of soils (cycle of elements and organic matter). Therefore, this review paper summarizes the aging process and environmental risk of biochars, aiming at better understanding the interactions between EngBCs and soil components or pollutants. More importantly, this review is to point out the contradictory speculations of environmental behavior of EngBCs studied at the present stage. Due to the modification, the EngBCs stability may be significantly reduced. However, the formation of functional group on EngBCs will enhance their interaction with soil minerals to form biocharsmineral complex, and thus EngBCs could be protected. The impacts of EngBCs after entering the environment are also ambiguous. Therefore, understanding EngBCs environmental behavior is critical, which is helpful to reduce the potential risk and to produce EngBCs following the rule of sustainable development and safety to the environment.

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“…The use of biochar materials with a high surface area as catalyst supports can enhance the catalyst performance, reducing the amount of catalyst used and consequently the cost. Moreover, the physico-chemical properties of biochar can be adjusted via acid/base treatment or carbonisation, and thus it is an excellent support for catalytic applications [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando DRIFTS-MS Study of WGS and rWGS Reaction on Biochar-Based Pt Catalysts: The Promotional Effect of Na

Santos

Bobadilla

Odriozola

2018

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Abstract:Biochar-based Pt catalysts, unpromoted and Na-promoted, were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method and characterised by Inductively coupled plasma mass spoectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis, X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption and transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that a sodium promoter modifies the acid-base properties of the support, altering the Pt-support interaction. An operando Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy-mass spectrometry (DRIFTS-MS) study was performed to gain insights into the reaction pathways and the mechanism of the Water-Gass-Shift (WGS) and the Reverse Water-Gass-Shift (rWGS) reactions. It was demonstrated that the addition of Na enhances the catalytic performance due to the changes induced by the alkali in the electronic structure of the Pt active sites. This effect favours the activation of H 2 O molecules during the WGS reaction and the dissociation of CO 2 during the rWGS reaction, although it may also favour the consecutive CO methanation pathway.

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A review of biochar-based catalysts for chemical synthesis, biofuel production, and pollution control

Cited by 452 publications

References 92 publications

Reactivity and deactivation mechanisms of pyrolysis chars from bio-waste during catalytic cracking of tar

Reactivity and deactivation mechanisms of pyrolysis chars from bio-waste during catalytic cracking of tar

Environmental behavior of engineered biochars and their aging processes in soil

Operando DRIFTS-MS Study of WGS and rWGS Reaction on Biochar-Based Pt Catalysts: The Promotional Effect of Na

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