A review of biodiesel production from microalgae

Dickinson, Selena; Mientus, Miranda; Frey, Daniel; Amini-Hajibashi, Arsalon; Öztürk, Serdar; Shaikh, Faisal; Sengupta, Debalina; El‐Halwagi, Mahmoud M.

doi:10.1007/s10098-016-1309-6

Cited by 152 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Another advantage of using microalgal biomass is that carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) can be used as the carbon source for the cultivation. This can help reduce the CO 2 in the atmosphere [19]. Based on an empirical formula of microalgal biomass, C 8.1 H 15.1 O 3.8 N [20], assuming acetic acid is a sole by-product and a volatile solids (VS) content of 92% (w/w) [21], a stoichiometric yield assuming a complete conversion of the biomass into hydrogen under dark fermentation is around 620 mL g-biomass −1 (670 mL g-VS −1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Hydrogen Production from Chlorella sp. Biomass by Pre-Hydrolysis with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (PSSF)

et al. 2019

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Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and pre-hydrolysis with SSF (PSSF) were used to produce hydrogen from the biomass of Chlorella sp. SSF was conducted using an enzyme mixture consisting of 80 filter paper unit (FPU) g-biomass−1 of cellulase, 92 U g-biomass−1 of amylase, and 120 U g-biomass−1 of glucoamylase at 35 °C for 108 h. This yielded 170 mL-H2 g-volatile-solids−1 (VS), with a productivity of 1.6 mL-H2 g-VS−1 h−1. Pre-hydrolyzing the biomass at 50 °C for 12 h resulted in the production of 1.8 g/L of reducing sugars, leading to a hydrogen yield (HY) of 172 mL-H2 g-VS−1. Using PSSF, the fermentation time was shortened by 36 h in which a productivity of 2.4 mL-H2 g-VS−1 h−1 was attained. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on the use of SSF and PSSF for hydrogen production from microalgal biomass, and the HY obtained in the study is by far the highest yield reported. Our results indicate that PSSF is a promising process for hydrogen production from microalgal biomass.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Hydrogen Production from Chlorella sp. Biomass by Pre-Hydrolysis with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (PSSF)

et al. 2019

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“…Biodiesel is an attractive renewable liquid transportation fuel when derived from non-edible plant [1] or algal oils [2], animal fats [3], or waste cooking oil [4], and can be used as a standalone fuel or blended with petroleum-derived diesel [5][6][7]. Commercial routes to biodiesel, which comprises fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), employ soluble alkali methoxides to transesterify C 14 -C 20 triacylglyceride (TAG) components of lipids with light alcohols (Scheme 1), but are environmentally unsustainable due to the large quantity of waste water generated during biodiesel isolation and purification [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reconstruction of calcined Al 3+ containing LDHs depends on the dissolution of M 2+ cations into the amorphous AlO x phase formed on calcination [35]. Zn-Al-LDHs are consequently more challenging to reconstruct than Mg-Al-LDH analogues [36] due to the different solubility products of Zn(OH) 2 and Mg(OH) 2 relative to Al(OH) 3 and concomitant energetics of ion dissolution-reprecipitation necessary to regenerate the LDH. Kooli et al [37] demonstrated some success in regenerating lamellar structured materials following hydrothermal reconstruction of 300-400 • C calcined Zn-Al mixed oxides, although this has not been extended to alkali-free Zn-Al-LDHs or evaluated in catalytic applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkali-Free Zn–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts for Triglyceride Transesterification

et al. 2018

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Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of general formula [Zn 2+ (1−x) Al 3+ x (OH) 2 ] x+ (CO 3 2− ) x/2 ·yH 2 O are promising solid base catalysts for the transesterification of lipids to biofuels. However, conventional synthetic routes employ alkali hydroxide/carbonate precipitants which may contaminate the final LDH catalyst and biofuel. The use of (NH 3 ) 2 CO 3 and NH 3 OH as precipitants affords alkali-free Zn-Al-LDHs spanning a wide composition range. The hydrothermal reconstruction of calcined Zn-Al-LDHs offers superior solid basicity and catalytic activity for the transesterification of C 4 -C 18 triglycerides with methanol, compared with cold liquid phase or vapour phase reconstruction. Hydrothermally activated Zn 3.3 -Al-LDH was stable towards leaching during transesterification. Abstract: Zn-Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of general formula [Zn 2+ (1x)Al 3+ x(OH)2] x+ (CO3 2− )x/2·yH2O are promising solid base catalysts for the transesterification of lipids to biofuels. However, conventional synthetic routes employ alkali hydroxide/carbonate precipitants which may contaminate the final LDH catalyst and biofuel. The use of (NH3)2CO3 and NH3OH as precipitants affords alkali-free Zn-Al-LDHs spanning a wide composition range. The hydrothermal reconstruction of calcined Zn-Al-LDHs offers superior solid basicity and catalytic activity for the transesterification of C4-C18 triglycerides with methanol, compared with cold liquid phase or vapour phase reconstruction. Hydrothermally activated Zn3.3-Al-LDH was stable towards leaching during transesterification.Scheme 1. Transesterification of triglyceride to biodiesel and glycerol by-product. Scheme 1. Transesterification of triglyceride to biodiesel and glycerol by-product.

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“…Due to a tiny cell size of yeast, fungi, and bacteria (less than 5 µm in diameter), separation of biomass from the medium is the key bottleneck for the biodiesel production. After lipid accumulation, harvesting is the preliminary step for processing of biomass to biofuel, where water removal from yeast, fungi, and bacteria by centrifugation accounts 20-30% of total production cost (Dickinson et al, 2017).…”

Section: Biomass Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments of downstream processing for microbial lipids and conversion to biodiesel

Yellapu

Bharti

Kaur

et al. 2018

Bioresource Technology

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With increasing global population and depleting resources, there is an apparent demand for radical unprecedented innovation to satisfy the basal needs of lives. Hence, non-conventional renewable energy resources like biodiesel have been worked out in past few decades. Biofuel (e.g. Biodiesel) serves to be the most sustainable answer to solve "food vs. fuel crisis". In biorefinery process, lipid extraction from oleaginous microbial lipids is an integral part as it facilitates the release of fatty acids. Direct lipid extraction from wet cell-biomass is favorable in comparison to dry-cell biomass because it eliminates the application of expensive dehydration. However, this process is not commercialized yet, instead, it requires intensive research and development in order to establish robust approaches for lipid extraction that can be practically applied on an industrial scale. This review aims for the critical presentation on cell disruption, lipid recovery and purification to support extraction from wet cell-biomass for an efficient transesterification.

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A review of biodiesel production from microalgae

Cited by 152 publications

References 93 publications

Enhancing Hydrogen Production from Chlorella sp. Biomass by Pre-Hydrolysis with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (PSSF)

Enhancing Hydrogen Production from Chlorella sp. Biomass by Pre-Hydrolysis with Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (PSSF)

Alkali-Free Zn–Al Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts for Triglyceride Transesterification

Recent developments of downstream processing for microbial lipids and conversion to biodiesel

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