A review of breath analysis techniques in head and neck cancer

Diagnostic Application of Volatile Organic Compounds as Potential Biomarkers for Detecting Digestive Neoplasia: A Systematic Review

“…Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are part of the exhaled breath [ 1 ] present in a state of gas at ambient temperature [ 2 ]. VOCs might be used as non-invasive biomarkers via different human discharge products like saliva, breath, urine, blood, or tissues [ 3 ].…”

“…Breathomics, the molecular analysis of the exhaled breath, implies the analysis of the human volatilome, a specific unique bio-signature of each individual [ 2 ]. The exhaled human breath contains parts of mixed alveolar gas, having nitrogen as the main compound (78%), followed by oxygen (17%), carbon dioxide (4%), argon (< 1%), and water (< 1%) [ 2 ]. The VOCs actually represent less than 1% of the exhaled gas [ 2 ].…”

“…The exhaled human breath contains parts of mixed alveolar gas, having nitrogen as the main compound (78%), followed by oxygen (17%), carbon dioxide (4%), argon (< 1%), and water (< 1%) [ 2 ]. The VOCs actually represent less than 1% of the exhaled gas [ 2 ]. The gas–liquid partition chromatography might quantitatively determine about 250 VOCs in a single sample of breath [ 4 ].…”

“…VOCs are considered as potential biomarkers for non-invasive early cancer detection [ 2 , 10 ], as screening tools especially for high risk patients, e.g., smokers, heavy drinkers, or as post-therapeutic monitoring for recurrence occurrence [ 11 ]. We herein aimed to review the breath VOCs identified in digestive cancers.…”

Low-Cost Wearable Sensor Based on a D-Shaped Plastic Optical Fiber for Respiration Monitoring

“…REATH is an important activity to maintain human physiological functions [1]. Analysis of the breath allows for early detection and post-treatment monitoring of many diseases such as head and neck cancer, lung cancer, and Alzheimer's disease [2][3][4]. RR is an important parameter of the respiratory function index and is the most important vital sign [5].…”