A review of Brucella sp. infection of sea mammals with particular emphasis on isolates from Scotland

Foster, Geoffrey; MacMillan, Alastair; Godfroid, Jacques; Howie, Fiona; Ross, H. M.; Cloeckaert, Axel; Reid, Robert J.; Brew, Simon D.; Patterson, I. A. P.

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(02)00236-5

Cited by 154 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The broad spectrum of Brucella isolates has recently been enlarged to marine mammals. A number of recent reports describe the isolation and characterization of Brucella strains from a wide variety of marine mammals [22,32,36]. These strains have been identified as brucellae, however their overall characteristics are not assimilable to those of any of the six recognized Brucella species [22,23,45].…”

Section: Brucellae Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

et al. 2005

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-Brucellosis is not a sustainable disease in humans. The source of human infection always resides in domestic or wild animal reservoirs. The routes of infection are multiple: foodborne, occupational or recreational, linked to travel and even to bioterrorism. New Brucella strains or species may emerge and existing Brucella species adapt to changing social, cultural, travel and agricultural environment. Brucella melitensis is the most important zoonotic agent, followed by Brucella abortus and Brucella suis. This correlates with the fact that worldwide, the control of bovine brucellosis (due to B. abortus) has been achieved to a greater extent than the control of sheep and goat brucellosis (due to B. melitensis), these latter species being the most important domestic animals in many developing countries. The long duration and high cost of treatment of human brucellosis reduces the efficacy of the therapy. There is no human vaccine for brucellosis and the occurrence of brucellosis is directly linked to the status of animal brucellosis in a region. In this context, the Word Health Organization has defined the development of a human vaccine, besides the implementation of control and eradication programs in animals, as a high priority. The pathogenicity for humans of B. suis biovars 1, 3 and 4 is well established, whereas B. suis biovar 2 seems to be less pathogenic. Indeed, although hunters and pig farmers have repeatably experienced infectious contact with B. suis biovar 2 (found in wild boar and outdoor-rearing pigs in Europe), isolation of B. suis biovar 2 from human samples have only been seldom reported. Marine mammal brucellosis, due to two new proposed Brucella species i.e. B. cetaceae and B. pinnipediae, represents a new zoonotic threat but the pathogenicity for humans of the different Brucella species found in cetaceans and pinnipeds still has to be clearly established.Brucella / animal and human brucellosis / zoonoses / domestic and wildlife reservoir

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Section: Brucellae Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

et al. 2005

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“…The first marine mammal isolations of Brucella strains came from common seals (Phoca vitulina), a porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) and a common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) in Scotland (Ross et al, 1994) and a captive bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in the USA (Ewalt et al, 1994). Since these first reports, there have been many more isolations and the range of hosts has expanded significantly (Foster et al, 2002). Additional species from which bacteriological cultures have proved positive include the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus), striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) (Foster et al, 1996), minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) (Clavareau et al, 1998;Foster et al, 2002), hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) (Foster et al, 1996), Pacific harbour seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) (Garner et al, 1997), ringed seal (Phoca hispida), harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) (Forbes et al, 2000;Maratea et al, 2003) and a European otter (Lutra lutra) (Foster et al, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella ceti sp. nov. and Brucella pinnipedialis sp. nov. for Brucella strains with cetaceans and seals as their preferred hosts

Foster

Osterman

Godfroid

et al. 2007

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

410

278

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Small Gram-negative cocco-bacilli resembling Brucella strains have been reported from marine mammals since the mid-1990s. Their placement in the genus Brucella has been supported by the following characteristics: they are aerobic, non-motile and catalase-positive, do not produce acid from carbohydrates and have a DNA-DNA relatedness value of .77 % with the six established members of the genus. Twenty-eight European isolates of the genus Brucella from marine mammals were distinguished from the six recognized species by their pattern of utilization of eleven substrates in oxidative metabolism tests and phage lysis. The 28 strains could be further separated into two groups with cetaceans and seals as their respective preferred hosts on the basis of molecular methods and on differences in the metabolism of L-arabinose, D-galactose and D-xylose. The names Brucella ceti sp. nov. and Brucella pinnipedialis sp. nov. are proposed for the isolates from cetaceans and seals, respectively. The type strain of Brucella ceti sp. nov. is NCTC 12891 T (5BCCN 94-74 T ) and the type strain of Brucella pinnipedialis sp. nov. is NCTC 12890 T (5BCCN 94-73 T ).

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“…The primary impact of brucellosis in domestic animals is an assumed reduced reproductive success because of sterility in males and abortions in females, which is generally difficult to determine in wildlife populations (Foster et al, 2002). Masukawa et al (1995) reported orchitis in Kafue lechwe and implicated brucellosis as the cause of the disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey of Brucella Spp. Infection in the Kafue Lechwe (Kobus Leche Kafuensis) of the Kafue Flats in Zambia

Muma

Lund

Siamudaala

et al. 2010

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:One of the diseases of veterinary and public health importance affecting the Kafue lechwe (Kobus leche kafuensis) on the Kafue flats is brucellosis, for which only scant information is available. During the 2003 (October), 2004 (December), and 2008 (July-December) hunting seasons in the Kafue flats, we conducted a study to determine the seroprevalence of Brucella spp. in the Kafue lechwe and to evaluate serologic tests for detection of Brucella spp. antibodies in lechwe. The Rose Bengal Test (RBT), competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) were used. A total of 121 Kafue lechwe were hunted for disease investigations in 2003, 2004, and 2008 in the Kafue Flat Game Management Area. Of these, 21.6%, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.2-29.1%) had detectable antibodies to Brucella spp. The Kafue lechwe in Lochnivar National Park had higher antibody results than those in Blue Lagoon National Park (odds ratio53.0; 95% CI: 0.94-9.4). Infection levels were similar in females (21.6%) and males (21.7%). Results were similar among RBT, FPA, cELISA tests, suggesting that these could effectively be used in diagnosing brucellosis in the Kafue lechwe. Our study demonstrates the presence of Brucella infections in the Kafue lechwe in two national parks located in the Kafue flats and further highlights the suitability of serologic assays for testing the Kafue lechwe. Because the Kafue lechwe is the most hunted wildlife species in Zambia, hunters need to be informed of the public health risk of Brucella spp. infection.

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A review of Brucella sp. infection of sea mammals with particular emphasis on isolates from Scotland

Cited by 154 publications

References 41 publications

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

From the discovery of the Malta fever?s agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been a re-emerging zoonosis

Brucella ceti sp. nov. and Brucella pinnipedialis sp. nov. for Brucella strains with cetaceans and seals as their preferred hosts

Serosurvey of Brucella Spp. Infection in the Kafue Lechwe (Kobus Leche Kafuensis) of the Kafue Flats in Zambia

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