A review of building evacuation models

Kuligowski, Erica D.; Peacock, Richard D.

doi:10.6028/nist.tn.1471

Cited by 262 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

226

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While density-based models only represent one approach to evacuation modeling [1], we nevertheless stress that they are very similar to hand calculations carried out using methods described in [2], [3] and thus are the easiest for experts to understand and assess. Advantages and limitations of different methodological approaches have been discussed in [4].…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

A Granular Evacuation Modeling Framework

Świeboda

Krauze

Nguyen

2014

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-In this paper we describe an evacuation modeling framework based on a graph representation of the scene which is derived from its geometric description. Typically such graphs (geometric networks) are constructed using Medial Axis Transform (MAT) or Straight Medial Axis Transform (S-MAT). In our work we use Voronoi tessellation of a set of points approximating the scene (a single floor plan) along with the dual graph -Delaunay triangulation. Using these two graphs we extract not only the information about paths in the building, but also information about path widths and areas assigned to vertices. Typically only path lengths from MAT or S-MAT based geometric networks are used in evacuation modeling. Our approach enables us to include flow analysis and e.g. locate bottlenecks. We discuss a typical density-based evacuation model coupled with a partial behavioral evacuation model within proposed framework.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 91%

A Granular Evacuation Modeling Framework

Świeboda

Krauze

Nguyen

2014

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While, after fire and smoke spread models, the evacuation modelling is the most matured field of FSE, numerous assumptions that need to be made by FSEs in the process make the tool complicated and arduous in practical use. A review of available evacuation models and a general description of the modelling process can be found in [46,59].…”

Section: Evacuation "(D) Occupants Can Leave the Construction Work mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A guideline to tools used in performance-based FSE is given in [44], and valuable information on model applicability can be found in [43,45,46]. Sample choice of practical tools for given problems in the design of an industrial building is presented in Table 1 [39].…”

Section: Problems Connected With the Use Of Fse Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The philosophy of fire safety engineering in the shaping of civil engineering development

Węgrzyński

Sulik

2016

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. This paper presents modern application of fire safety engineering (FSE) in the shaping of civil engineering development. Presented scientific achievements of FSE become tools used in typical modern engineering workflow. Experience gained through successful implementations of these solutions is then further crafted into prescriptive laws that shape future fire safety. This diffusion of knowledge is limited by law requirements themselves, technical limitations, and yet unresolved challenges that are still being worked on by the researchers in this field. This paper aims to present the achievements of the FSE discipline that may and should be used by civil engineers and other participants of the building process. Explanations given for the choices of fire safety engineers allow a better understanding of their gravity by representatives of other engineering branches. That way it is possible to build empathy between different engineering disciplines, which may significantly improve both the building design process and safety of the buildings itself. The chosen framework of this paper is Appendix A to EU Construction Products Regulation defining basic goals for a fire safe building, with a possible application of FSE given for each of these goals. The current framework of performance-based FSE is presented in relation to the Polish legal system, with recommendations on how to improve both FSE and civil engineering in the future.Key words: fire safety engineering, fire protection engineering, fire protection, performance-based design, prescriptive codes. stakeholders who are not FSEs, may unwillingly influence the fire safety. This bidirectional connection requires a systematic, holistic approach to fire safety of a building, which is the essence of the philosophy of modern FSE. A sample of such approach, in the form of a framework for a good cooperation between fire experts and structural engineers, was presented by Abramowicz and Kowalski in [4]. Despite strict regulations and advanced design methodologies, supertall buildings or large road tunnels that can be considered the pinnacle of modern engineering are still the scene of catastrophic fire incidents. To reach the level of safety in which fires would cause no fatalities and limited damage, urgent problems beyond the quality of the design also have to be resolved, e.g. the slow diffusion of knowledge, the stress on reduction of fire protection cost, and abuse of overcomplicated methodologies, beyond their scope of application.

show abstract

“…However, the movement of human model is still not realistic. The walking speed of the model will decrease only when the density of the area becomes higher [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Door Width and Human Body Size on Walking Speed

Jetthumrong

Ladavichitkul

2016

MATEC Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Door width is one of the important factors to concern in layout or facilities design because it affects directly to traffic speed and overall traffic time simultaneously. Nowadays, common assessment method is computer simulation which is still not realistic due to the unchanged speed of model while walking through a door. This research aims to study an effect of door width to individual walking speed. Sixty subjects participated in the experiment and performed task by walking through the door that is set the width as 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 centimetres. The optical motion capture system was used to determine walking speed. The results showed that Fitts' law was applied to the participants with high weight. Door width below 70 centimetres significantly affected to changing speed at 0-0.5 m. before the door. Additionally, human size also affected changing speed. The factors include shoulder breadth, weight and interaction between shoulder breadth and weight were found to be significant. These factors explained 54.2% of changing speed.

show abstract

A review of building evacuation models

Cited by 262 publications

References 33 publications

A Granular Evacuation Modeling Framework

A Granular Evacuation Modeling Framework

The philosophy of fire safety engineering in the shaping of civil engineering development

Effects of Door Width and Human Body Size on Walking Speed

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About