A Review of C4 Plants in Southwest Asia: An Ecological, Geographical and Taxonomical Analysis of a Region With High Diversity of C4 Eudicots

Rudov, Alexander; Mashkour, Marjan; Djamali, Morteza; Akhani, Hossein

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.546518

Cited by 39 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…The climatic variables mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were taken from the CHELSA database [38]. Information on the photosynthetic pathway is based on sources [39][40][41][42][43][44]. Information about the previously recorded distribution of individual AM fungal taxa was taken from the MaarjAM database, which classifies the central part of published Glomeromycota small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences into phylogenetically delimited sequence clusters-virtual taxa (VT) [45,46].…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats

et al. 2021

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Deserts cover a significant proportion of the Earth’s surface and continue to expand as a consequence of climate change. Mutualistic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are functionally important plant root symbionts, and may be particularly important in drought stressed systems such as deserts. Here we provide a first molecular characterization of the AM fungi occurring in several desert ecosystems worldwide. We sequenced AM fungal DNA from soil samples collected from deserts in six different regions of the globe using the primer pair WANDA-AML2 with Illumina MiSeq. We recorded altogether 50 AM fungal phylotypes. Glomeraceae was the most common family, while Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae and Acaulosporaceae were represented with lower frequency and abundance. The most diverse site, with 35 virtual taxa (VT), was in the Israeli Negev desert. Sites representing harsh conditions yielded relatively few reads and low richness estimates, for example, a Saudi Arabian desert site where only three Diversispora VT were recorded. The AM fungal taxa recorded in the desert soils are mostly geographically and ecologically widespread. However, in four sites out of six, communities comprised more desert-affiliated taxa (according to the MaarjAM database) than expected at random. AM fungal VT present in samples were phylogenetically clustered compared with the global taxon pool, suggesting that nonrandom assembly processes, notably habitat filtering, may have shaped desert fungal assemblages.

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Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats

et al. 2021

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“…Most anemophilous trees bloom in late winter and early spring, while most grasses and C3 plants (the most abundant plants growing in wet conditions) flower during the favorable conditions of the spring to early summer. On the other hand, the studied C4 plants (adapted to hot and sunny areas), including Kali tragus, Caroxylon incanescens, Bassia scoparia, Amaranthus palmeri and Amaranthus retroflexus, flower during early to late summer [40]. Artemisia, with more than 30 species dominating the steppes and desert-steppes of Iran, is another major allergenic genus of plants that bloom from summer until early autumn [41].…”

Section: Vol 7 Nomentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Sensitization to prevalent allergens in Iran and their geographical distribution

Teifoori¹,

Postigo²,

Abtahi³

et al. 2020

vacres

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The prevalence of allergic diseases has been on the rise during past decades. Epidemiological studies have shown that extensive exposure to bio-aerosols causes adverse health effects such as respiratory disorders, allergic reactions and infections. Aeroallergens are allergic airborne particles that disperse from environmental sources over great distances by air currents and ultimately are inhaled by, ingested by, or come into contact with individuals who have had no previous contact with the allergenic agent. The most important bioaerosols in Iran are pollen grains, molds, house dust mites, and animal dander causing many allergic reactions in the country every year. Geographical variation is an important role in the prevalence of allergic diseases, most likely due to different environmental factors. Therefore, identifying geographical and seasonal distribution of allergens not only enables us to warn patients to avoid them but also contributes significantly in the diagnosis, prevention and management of the progress of allergic disorders and provides the possibility of performing immunotherapy. The results of this survey about the most common aeroallergens in different geographic areas of Iran may provide proper prevention activities, vaccine production insights and therefore may reduce the treatment costs for allergic patients.

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“…For example, the Panicum species, Panicum bisulcatum (Japanese panicgrass) and Panicum repens (torpedo grass), are morphometrically very similar to P. miliaceum and can only be distinguished from broomcorn millet based on a single criterion 77 , 78 . P. bisulcatum is not native to Iraq, but P. repens is native and present in riparian areas 17 , 79 , 80 . In fact, five of the nine genera representing millets and their wild relatives 81 are present in modern Iraq ( Digitaria , Echinochloa, Panicum , Paspalum , Setaria , and Sorghum ) (Supplementary Table S6 ) 17 , 80 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. bisulcatum is not native to Iraq, but P. repens is native and present in riparian areas 17 , 79 , 80 . In fact, five of the nine genera representing millets and their wild relatives 81 are present in modern Iraq ( Digitaria , Echinochloa, Panicum , Paspalum , Setaria , and Sorghum ) (Supplementary Table S6 ) 17 , 80 . Thus, it is necessary to use at least five diagnostic criteria to ensure secure species-level identifications of millet inflorescence phytoliths (Supplementary Table S5 ) 68 , 75 – 77 , 82 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytolith evidence for the pastoral origins of multi-cropping in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq)

Laugier

Casana

Cabanes

2022

Sci Rep

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Multi-cropping was vital for provisioning large population centers across ancient Eurasia. In Southwest Asia, multi-cropping, in which grain, fodder, or forage could be reliably cultivated during dry summer months, only became possible with the translocation of summer grains, like millet, from Africa and East Asia. Despite some textual sources suggesting millet cultivation as early as the third millennium BCE, the absence of robust archaeobotanical evidence for millet in semi-arid Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq) has led most archaeologists to conclude that millet was only grown in the region after the mid-first millennium BCE introduction of massive, state-sponsored irrigation systems. Here, we present the earliest micro-botanical evidence of the summer grain broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) in Mesopotamia, identified using phytoliths in dung-rich sediments from Khani Masi, a mid-second millennium BCE site located in northern Iraq. Taphonomic factors associated with the region’s agro-pastoral systems have likely made millet challenging to recognize using conventional macrobotanical analyses, and millet may therefore have been more widespread and cultivated much earlier in Mesopotamia than is currently recognized. The evidence for pastoral-related multi-cropping in Bronze Age Mesopotamia provides an antecedent to first millennium BCE agricultural intensification and ties Mesopotamia into our rapidly evolving understanding of early Eurasian food globalization.

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A Review of C4 Plants in Southwest Asia: An Ecological, Geographical and Taxonomical Analysis of a Region With High Diversity of C4 Eudicots

Cited by 39 publications

References 160 publications

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Communities in the Soils of Desert Habitats

Review of Sensitization to prevalent allergens in Iran and their geographical distribution

Phytolith evidence for the pastoral origins of multi-cropping in Mesopotamia (ancient Iraq)

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