A Review of Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect-Based Biosensors

Alabsi, Sami Sultan; Ahmed, A. Y.; Dennis, John Ojur; Khir, M. H. Md; Algamili, Abdullah Saleh

doi:10.1109/access.2020.2987204

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…Due to the small size and weight, fast response time, label-free operation, possibility of real-time and multiplexed measurements, and compatibility with micro- and nanofabrication technologies with the future prospect of a large-scale production at relatively low cost, semiconductor field-effect devices (FEDs) based on an electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) system are one of the most exciting approaches for chemical and biological sensing. Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET) [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ], extended-gate ISFETs [ 6 ], capacitive EIS sensors [ 7 , 8 , 9 ], light-addressable potentiometric sensors [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], silicon nanowire FETs (SiNW-FET) [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], graphene-based FETs [ 18 , 19 ], and carbon nanotube-based FETs [ 18 , 20 ] constitute typical examples of transducer structures for chemically/biologically sensitive FEDs. At present, numerous FEDs modified with respective recognition elements have been developed for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, substrate–enzyme reactions, nucleic acid hybridizations, and antigen–antibody affinity reactions, just to name a few.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive Field-Effect EIS Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Status Report

Poghossian¹,

Schöning

2020

Sensors

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Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors belong to a new generation of electronic chips for biochemical sensing, enabling a direct electronic readout. The review gives an overview on recent advances and current trends in the research and development of chemical sensors and biosensors based on the capacitive field-effect EIS structure—the simplest field-effect device, which represents a biochemically sensitive capacitor. Fundamental concepts, physicochemical phenomena underlying the transduction mechanism and application of capacitive EIS sensors for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, and enzymatic reactions, as well as the label-free detection of charged molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and polyelectrolytes) and nanoparticles, are presented and discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive Field-Effect EIS Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Status Report

Poghossian¹,

Schöning

2020

Sensors

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“…These nanostructured carbon materials enable high sensitivity and fast response time, which is essential for accurate, personalized, and prompt diagnosis in the clinical use of sensors, as shown in Fig. 1b [16].…”

Section: Carbon-based Transducing Materials To Utilize Outstanding Smentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of BioFET’s basic principles and materials for biomedical applications

Sung

Koo

2021

Biomed. Eng. Lett.

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Interest in biomolecular sensors for diagnosis of early diseases and prognosis of the diseases is increasing day by day. Among them, FET-based sensors are very useful in that of their versatile operating characteristics using various materials. Herein, after addressing the basic principles of BioFET, we conduct an overall review of BioFET on two of the main structural elements: transducing materials and probes. Transducing materials were classified into graphene, carbon nanotube, silicon, MOF, etc., and probes were classified into antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, etc.. The important elements in designing BioFETs, such as electrical properties of each material, Debye length, and fabrication process are introduced along with their respective structures and materials. After the review of each of these structures and characteristics, examples are discussed along with sensitivity, selectivity, and limit of detection. In addition to the operating aspects of the senser, novel processes, treatments, and materials that can be considered for various purposes are also introduced. Based on the understanding, an overview of diverse examples is given by dividing the applications of BioFET into three main types: antigen sensing, biomarker sensing, and drug effect monitoring. Focusing on these general reviews, we conclude how the future direction of development will move forward and what the main challenge is.

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“…CNTs are basically nano-scaled tubes formed by the rolled sheets of graphite and possess high tensile strength, high electrical conductivity and excellent chemical stability [35]. CNTs are the smallest-scale nano-materials that can be observed only by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) [36,37]. CNTs are classified as either single-walled (SWCNT), which consist of a single nanotube, or multi-walled (MWCNT), which are made up of multiple nanotubes with inter-layer spacing of 0.34 nm.…”

Section: A Brief On Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (Cntfets)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ternary Arithmetic Logic Unit Design Utilizing Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) and Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM)

et al. 2021

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Due to the difficulties associated with scaling of silicon transistors, various technologies beyond binary logic processing are actively being investigated. Ternary logic circuit implementation with carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNTFETs) and resistive random access memory (RRAM) integration is considered as a possible technology option. CNTFETs are currently being preferred for implementing ternary circuits due to their desirable multiple threshold voltage and geometry-dependent properties, whereas the RRAM is used due to its multilevel cell capability which enables storage of multiple resistance states within a single cell. This article presents the 2-trit arithmetic logic unit (ALU) design using CNTFETs and RRAM as the design elements. The proposed ALU incorporates a transmission gate block, a function select block, and various ternary function processing modules. The ALU design optimization is achieved by introducing a controlled ternary adder–subtractor module instead of separate adder and subtractor circuits. The simulations are analyzed and validated using Synopsis HSPICE simulation software with standard 32 nm CNTFET technology under different operating conditions (supply voltages) to test the robustness of the designs. The simulation results indicate that the proposed CNTFET-RRAM integration enables the compact circuit realization with good robustness. Moreover, due to the addition of RRAM as circuit element, the proposed ALU has the advantage of non-volatility.

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A Review of Carbon Nanotubes Field Effect-Based Biosensors

Cited by 52 publications

References 100 publications

Capacitive Field-Effect EIS Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Status Report

Capacitive Field-Effect EIS Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Status Report

A review of BioFET’s basic principles and materials for biomedical applications

Ternary Arithmetic Logic Unit Design Utilizing Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) and Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM)

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