A review of carcinogenicity studies of asbestos and non-asbestos tremolite and other amphiboles

Addison, J.; McConnell, Ernest E.

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.10.001

Cited by 81 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the absence of asbestos, asbestos-related diseases are not associated with exposure to nonasbestos EMP of amphibole or serpentine in humans (Addison and McConnell, 2008;Gamble and Gibbs, 2008;Nolan et al, 1991;Ilgren, 2004;Williams et al, 2012). In addition, Mossman et al (2011) demonstrated that cells respond differently to different habits of the same mineral, and Davis et al (1991) noted that rodent inhalation studies using different habits of tremolite produced variable responses including no tumors when exposure contained only cleavage fragments.…”

Section: Amphibole and Serpentine In Air And Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When subjected to mechanical forces sufficient to generate airborne particles, bundles are separated into smaller bundles or individual fibrils. Fibrils, both single and in small bundles, less than 5 µm in length and less than 0.5 µm in width predominate in air, water, and lung tissue populations; fibers longer than 100 µm are uncommon (Timbrell et al, 1970;Friedrich et al, 1992;Dufresne et al, 1996;Dodson et al, 1990;Gibbs et al, 1990;Gibbs and Hwang, 1980;Addison and McConnell, 2008;Wylie et al, 1993;Pooley and Clark, 1980;Warnock, 1989;Lippmann and Timbrell, 1990).…”

Section: Asbestos Asbestiform Fibers and Empmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methodologies for Determining the Sources, Characteristics, Distribution, and Abundance of Asbestiform and Nonasbestiform Amphibole and Serpentine in Ambient Air and Water

Wylie

Candela

2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Anthropogenic and nonanthropogenic (erosion) processes contribute to the continuing presence of asbestos and nonasbestos elongated mineral particles (EMP) of amphibole and serpentine in air and water of urban, rural, and remote environments. The anthropogenic processes include disturbance and deterioration of asbestos-containing materials, mining of amphibole- and serpentine-bearing rock, and disturbance of soils containing amphibole and serpentine. Atmospheric dispersal processes can transport EMP on a global scale. There are many methods of establishing the abundance of EMP in air and water. EMP include cleavage fragments, fibers, asbestos, and other asbestiform minerals, and the methods employed do not critically distinguish among them. The results of most of the protocols are expressed in the common unit of fibers per square centimeter; however, seven different definitions for the term "fiber" are employed and the results are not comparable. The phase-contrast optical method used for occupational monitoring cannot identify particles being measured, and none of the methods distinguish amphibole asbestos from other EMP of amphibole. Measured ambient concentrations of airborne EMP are low, and variance may be high, even for similar environments, yielding data of questionable value for risk assessment. Calculations based on the abundance of amphibole-bearing rock and estimates of asbestos in the conterminous United States suggest that amphibole may be found in 6-10% of the land area; nonanthropogenic erosional processes might produce on the order of 400,000 tons or more of amphibole per year, and approximately 50 g asbestos/km(2)/yr; and the order of magnitude of the likelihood of encountering rock bearing any type of asbestos is approximately 0.0001.

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Section: Amphibole and Serpentine In Air And Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Asbestos Asbestiform Fibers and Empmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for Determining the Sources, Characteristics, Distribution, and Abundance of Asbestiform and Nonasbestiform Amphibole and Serpentine in Ambient Air and Water

Wylie

Candela

2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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“…Regulatory and public health agencies and organizations, as well as scientific bodies, agree that the biological activity of asbestiform vs. non-asbestiform tremolite is markedly different, as the latter possesses reduced biologic activity (ATS, 1990;ATSDR, 2001;CPSC, 1988;OSHA, 1992;ACGIH, 1955;Addison and McConnell, 2008;Vu, 1993). Addison and McConnell (2008), in their review of carcinogenicity studies of asbestiform vs. non-asbestiform tremolite and other amphiboles, stated that the non-asbestiform materials "are no more hazardous than other silicate minerals widely considered nuisance dusts" (p. 1). Among other characteristics, non-asbestiform tremolite is cleared easily from the lung via macrophage engulfment and/or the mucociliary escalator (Ilgren, 2004).…”

Section: Letter To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Egilman’s assessment regarding exposures of auto mechanics to amphiboles is not accurate

Paustenbach

White²

2012

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…A particle's ability to resist dissolution once submerged in lung fluid (i.e. its biodurability) may be a critical determinant in its toxicity (Addison and McConnell, 2008). This connection has motivated several previous studies aimed at quantifying tremolite biodurability (Oze and Solt, 2010;Rozalen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study of tremolite dissolution rates as a function of pH and temperature: Implications for tremolite toxicity and its use in carbon storage

2014

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Steady-state tremolite dissolution rates, at far-from-equilibrium conditions, were measured as a function of aqueous silica and magnesium activity, pH from 1.9 to 6.7, and temperature from 25 to 150ºC. Calcium is released from tremolite faster than either Mg or Si throughout most of the experiments even after these latter elements attained steady-state release rates. The preferential removal of Ca releases fine Mg-Si rich needle-like fibres from the tremolite, probably promoting its toxicity. In contrast, Mg was released in stoichiometric or near to stoichiometric proportion to Si once steady-state was attained. Measured steady-state tremolite dissolution rates based on Si release can be described usingwhere r + signifies the BET surface area-normalized forward tremolite steady-state dissolution rate, A A refers to a pre-exponential factor = 6610 À3 mol cm À2 s À1 , E A designates an activation energy equal to 80 kJ mol À1 , R represents the gas constant, T denotes absolute temperature, and a i refers to the activity of the subscripted aqueous species. This rate expression is consistent with tremolite dissolution rates at acidic pH being controlled by the detachment of partially liberated silica tetrahedra formed from the exchange of Mg 2+ for two protons near the mineral surface after the near-surface Ca has been removed. Nevertheless, Mg release rates from tremolite are~3 orders of magnitude slower than those from forsterite and enstatite suggesting that tremolite carbonation will be far less efficient than the carbonation of these other Mg-silicate minerals.

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A review of carcinogenicity studies of asbestos and non-asbestos tremolite and other amphiboles

Cited by 81 publications

References 29 publications

Methodologies for Determining the Sources, Characteristics, Distribution, and Abundance of Asbestiform and Nonasbestiform Amphibole and Serpentine in Ambient Air and Water

Methodologies for Determining the Sources, Characteristics, Distribution, and Abundance of Asbestiform and Nonasbestiform Amphibole and Serpentine in Ambient Air and Water

Egilman’s assessment regarding exposures of auto mechanics to amphiboles is not accurate

An experimental study of tremolite dissolution rates as a function of pH and temperature: Implications for tremolite toxicity and its use in carbon storage

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