A review of chemical constituents and health-promoting effects of citrus peels

Liu, Na; Li, Xia; Zhao, Ping; Zhang, Xueqian; Qiao, Ou; Huang, Luqi; Guo, Lanping

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130585

Cited by 138 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…CPP containing a variety of bioactive compounds ( Table S1 ), which may have an important role in the health of the organism. Citrus fruit peel is a valuable source of essential oils, pectin, and polyphenol [ 9 ]. Limonene, the main component of citrus essential oil, has been widely reported to have good antibacterial and antioxidant activity [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limonene, the main component of citrus essential oil, has been widely reported to have good antibacterial and antioxidant activity [ 33 , 34 ]. Pectin in citrus fruits has been documented to be effective in lowering blood cholesterol levels and also in improving intestinal inflammation [ 9 , 35 ]. Jiang et al [ 36 ] showed that anti-obesity and reduction of blood lipid levels are representative activities of citrus products for the treatment of fat metabolism disorders and that polyphenolic compounds in citrus peels contribute to the beneficial activity of citrus products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since studies have shown that citrus fruit peels also contain other bioactive components, such as essential oils, pectin, and limonene [ 9 ]. Therefore, we extracted and determined the essential oil in CPP using the hydrodistillation method and determined the content of limonene in it using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Shimadzu, Japan) [ 26 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that citrus peel, as the main citrus fruits residue, will lead to serious environmental pollution if not further utilized [ 8 ]. Citrus peel is reported to be a good source of phenolic compounds, pectin, and essential oil [ 9 ]. Jinggang pomelo ( Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck) and Gannan navel orange ( Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Regulatory Effects of Citrus Peel Powder on Liver Metabolites and Gut Flora in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Zhang

Ruan

et al. 2021

Foods

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Gannan navel orange and Jinggang pomelo, belonging to the genus Citrus, are good sources of phenolic compounds, which are mainly concentrated in the peel. These phenolic compounds are considered promising in the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In order to maximize nutrients retention and bioactivity in the peel, pomelo peel and orange peel were processed using freeze-drying technology and mixed in the ratio (pomelo peel powder 50% and orange peel powder 50%) to make citrus peel powder (CPP). The purpose of this study was to explore new strategies and mechanisms associated with the consumption of CPP to alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver injury, lipid metabolism disorders, and gut microbiota dysbiosis in obese mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD). The results showed that after 12 weeks of CPP administration, CPP supplementation had a strong inhibitory effect on HFD-induced weight gain, hepatic fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In particular, CPP modulates the composition of the intestinal flora, such as increasing the relative abundance of phylum Firmicutes, genus Faecalibaculum, genus Lactobacillus, genus Dubosiella, and genus Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_ group and decreasing the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidota, genus Helicobacter, and genus Bacteroides. These results suggest that CPP has a preventive effect on NAFLD, which can be related to the regulation of intestinal flora.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Regulatory Effects of Citrus Peel Powder on Liver Metabolites and Gut Flora in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Zhang

Ruan

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…The rinds of Satsuma mandarin fruits also contained a lot of flavonoids such as hesperidin and narirutin [31,32]. In East Asia, the dried rinds of mandarins such as the Satsuma mandarin and the Ponkan mandarin are used as an oriental medicine, and is called "Chinpi".…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characteristics, Fruit Qualities and Evaluation of Reproductive Functions in Autotetraploid Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.)

et al. 2021

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The morphological characteristics and fruit quality of an autotetraploid plant selected from nucellar seedlings of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.) were investigated. Additionally, in order to evaluate the reproductive potential of male and female gametes of the tetraploid Satsuma mandarin, reciprocal crosses with diploid cultivars were also carried out. The tetraploid had significantly thick and round leaves, as compared to those of the diploid Satsuma mandarin. The sizes of the flowers and pollen grains of the tetraploid were significantly larger than those of the diploid. Pollen fertility of tetraploid was high compared with that of the diploid. The tetraploid produced seedless fruits. The fruit weight of the tetraploid was equal to that of the diploid. Compared to the diploid fruits, the tetraploid fruit had less sugar contents and more organic acid contents. Although the tetraploid fruits showed similar traits to other Citrus tetraploids such as thick and hard peels, the tetraploid had a higher content of carotenoids in the flavedo than the diploid, and the rind color of the tetraploid was much better. In the reciprocal crosses between the tetraploid Satsuma mandarin and diploid cultivars, some seeds were obtained, and triploid progenies were obtained in all cross combinations.

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Valorization of kaffir lime peel through extraction of essential oil and process optimization for phenolic compounds

Houng

Lay

2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDKaffir lime peel is a food waste which contains good aromatic essential oil and phenolic compounds. Extraction of essential oil from kaffir lime peel is conducted to obtain the extract for using as biological ingredients in various products. After essential oil extraction, kaffir lime peel residue has been remained, and it can be considered as another by‐product. Therefore, it is interesting to evaluate the contents of phenolic compounds in the kaffir lime peel residue to understand the possibility of valorization of kaffir lime peel wastes at a practical level. In this study, extraction of essential oil from fresh kaffir lime peel was conducted by hydrodistillation, and phenolic compounds were extracted from the kaffir lime peel residue by process optimization of an ethanolic extraction method.RESULTSThrough hydrodistillation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis, essential oil of kaffir lime peel contained terpinene‐4‐ol (19%), β‐pinene (15.8%) and d‐limonene (15.6%) as the major volatile compounds. In extraction of phenolic compounds from kaffir lime peel residue, all investigated parameters had significant linear effects on the yield of phenolic compounds, but no interaction effects among the extraction parameters were observed. Optimal conditions for the extraction were 120 min, 60 °C and 1:20 g mL−1, resulting in phenolic compounds of 8.6 mg GAE g−1 sample. The phenolic compound yield extracted from fresh kaffir lime peel at the optimal conditions was close to that extracted from the kaffir lime peel residue.CONCLUSIONSThrough hydrodistillation, only essential oil was extracted from kaffir lime peel, while phenolic compounds are still remained in the solid residue of the kaffir lime peel at high concentration as the fresh sample. Results of this study are useful for maximizing extraction yield of phenolic compounds from kaffir lime peel. The results of this study also revealed the possibility of maximizing the utilization of kaffir lime peel wastes at the practical stage through extraction of both essential oils and phenolic compounds. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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A review of chemical constituents and health-promoting effects of citrus peels

Cited by 138 publications

References 122 publications

The Regulatory Effects of Citrus Peel Powder on Liver Metabolites and Gut Flora in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

The Regulatory Effects of Citrus Peel Powder on Liver Metabolites and Gut Flora in Mice with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Morphological Characteristics, Fruit Qualities and Evaluation of Reproductive Functions in Autotetraploid Satsuma Mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marcow.)

Valorization of kaffir lime peel through extraction of essential oil and process optimization for phenolic compounds

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