A review of chemical heat pumps, thermodynamic cycles and thermal energy storage technologies for low grade heat utilisation

Chan, Cho Lik; Ling‐Chin, Janie; Roskilly, Anthony Paul

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.06.041

Cited by 181 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Considering an average inlet temperature (T5 in Figure 1) of 90°C and an outlet temperature (T6) of 80°C, a minimum temperature approach of 5°C between the heat source and the working fluid is assumed. At these conditions, the estimated efficiency of the ORC is about 9%, which is in line with values reported by [37] and by [48] for heat source temperatures above 80°C.…”

Section: Waste Heat Recovery Optionssupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The recovery of low grade waste heat from industries is considered as an enabler of energy efficiency and CO2 emission reduction, and recent literature is therefore rich in contributions reviewing recovery technologies for specific processes and industry sectors [36][37][38], or estimating waste heat potentials at regional, international and global levels [39][40][41].…”

Section: Case Study Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Santin

Saro

2017

Energy

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In the last few years, the water-energy nexus concept has emerged as a global issue in the international research community. However, studies on European countries are relatively few, and often focused on the energy sector and agriculture, even though industry dominates water use in many European countries. Cooling purposes represent the main part of industrial water demand, and waste heat recovery is perceived as a main strategy to improve industrial resource efficiency. In this paper, we consider a real case study of low-temperature waste-heat recovery in an electric steelmaking industry and evaluate the impact of feasible interventions on primary energy and water consumption, as well as on CO2 equivalent emissions. Based on a Europe wide review of energy and water prices, of energy sources and corresponding resource efficiency indicators, a Monte Carlo model was developed to undertake a generalization of the case study to the EU-15. It was found that, in spite of common intuition, solutions with the lowest primary energy demand and the lowest CO2 equivalent emissions demonstrate the greatest water footprint. This is especially the case of southern European countries, where heat recovery projects with the highest water intensity are economically feasible due to high electricity and low water prices. As increasing carbon prices may exacerbate this phenomenon, inducing a switch to more water intensive technologies, policy instruments for supporting industrial energy efficiency or carbon emission reduction should be carefully designed.

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Section: Waste Heat Recovery Optionssupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Case Study Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Santin

Saro

2017

Energy

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“…6a-6c highlight the effect of the insulation, which in our case is 20cm, showing that 13 the heat losses in a well-insulated tank can be minimized. The thickness of the insulation comes also in agreement with 14 publishes values [38]. 15 Table 4, the design temperatures of the transmission network are shown.…”

Section: Figure 4 Heat Demand Data For the Year Of Studysupporting

confidence: 68%

Towards the increased utilisation of geothermal energy in a district heating network through the use of a heat storage

Kyriakis

Younger

2016

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source which can provide base-load power supply both for electricity and direct uses, such as space heating. In this paper, district heating systems that are fed by geothermal energy, the so-called geothermal district heating systems, are studied. It is proposed to apply a hot water storage tank in these systems to store hot water in times of low-load and release it to the system during peak load periods in order to minimise the use of peak-up boilers.For this purpose, two different models are presented and the results are shown for three different cases of heat demand coverage by geothermal energy. First, a model for the sizing of these systems is developed. The main findings highlight the importance of the insulation both for the storage tank and the pipelines of the network. Secondly, a model that studies the daily and the annual operation of the installation is developed followed by an integrated economic and environmental analysis of the proposed solution The results indicate that the proposed solution is financially beneficial compared to the traditional case without use of the storage tank as all the financial indices and cash flows are improved. More specifically, the levelised cost of heating decreases by 4.3-14.9% leading to an increased potential income of £87000-241000 per year, while the NPV, the IRR and the BCR all increase. Furthermore, the emissions decrease by up to 54.2% and the load factor increases by up to 3.86%. Therefore, the proposed solution is proved to be beneficial from an economic, environmental and energetic point of view as more geothermal energy is utilised in a more economical way with subsequent environmental benefits.

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“…Subsequently, the condensed working fluid enters (2) the pump and is pressurized (3). Then, the working fluid enters the evaporator and is heated to a superheated state (4). The temperature of the heat carrier (5-6) is thus gradually reduced.…”

Section: Orc Component Layout and Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various heat-engine technologies have been proposed for the valorization of low-temperature heat [4]. Prime examples include the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) [5], Kalina cycle [6], Goswami cycle [7], and supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO 2 ) cycle [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Waste Heat Recovery from an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

et al. 2017

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The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a mature technology for the conversion of waste heat to electricity. Although many energy intensive industries could benefit significantly from the integration of ORC technology, its current adoption rate is limited. One important reason for this arises from the difficulty of prospective investors and end-users to recognize and, ultimately, realise the potential energy savings from such deployment. In recent years, electric arc furnaces (EAF) have been identified as particularly interesting candidates for the implementation of waste heat recovery projects. Therefore, in this work, the integration of an ORC system into a 100 MWe EAF is investigated. The effect of evaluations based on averaged heat profiles, a steam buffer and optimized ORC architectures is investigated. The results show that it is crucial to take into account the heat profile variations for the typical batch process of an EAF. An optimized subcritical ORC system is found capable of generating a net electrical output of 752 kWe with a steam buffer working at 25 bar. If combined heating is considered, the ORC system can be optimized to generate 521 kWe of electricity, while also delivering 4.52 MW of heat. Finally, an increased power output (by 26% with combined heating, and by 39% without combined heating) can be achieved by using high temperature thermal oil for buffering instead of a steam loop; however, the use of thermal oil in these applications has been until now typically discouraged due to flammability concerns.

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A review of chemical heat pumps, thermodynamic cycles and thermal energy storage technologies for low grade heat utilisation

Cited by 181 publications

References 166 publications

Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

Towards the increased utilisation of geothermal energy in a district heating network through the use of a heat storage

Case Study of an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for Waste Heat Recovery from an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF)

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