A Review of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanofiber: Preparation, Characterization, and Its Potential Applications

Ibrahim, Marwan A.; Alhalafi, Mona H.; Emam, El-Amir M.; Ibrahim, Hassan M.; Mosaad, Rehab M.

doi:10.3390/polym15132820

Cited by 36 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 262 publications

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“…The membranes based on chitosan have been frequently used to carry out membrane processes for the separation of ions and molecules [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], but in this work, chitosan membranes are obtained on a polypropylene hollow fiber (C–PHF–M) support. Practically, the polypropylene hollow fiber (PHF) support, which has previously presented ultrafiltration performances [ 44 , 45 , 46 ], is transformed in nanofiltration composite membranes (C–PHF–M) by ultrafiltration of a chitosan solution to obtain in situ a selective layer of chitosan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Recovery of Thorium and Tungsten through Hybrid Electrolysis–Nanofiltration Processes

Man,

Albu,

Nechifor

et al. 2024

Toxics

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The recovery and recycling of metals that generate toxic ions in the environment is of particular importance, especially when these are tungsten and, in particular, thorium. The radioactive element thorium has unexpectedly accessible domestic applications (filaments of light bulbs and electronic tubes, welding electrodes, and working alloys containing aluminum and magnesium), which lead to its appearance in electrical and electronic waste from municipal waste management platforms. The current paper proposes the simultaneous recovery of waste containing tungsten and thorium from welding electrodes. Simultaneous recovery is achieved by applying a hybrid membrane electrolysis technology coupled with nanofiltration. An electrolysis cell with sulphonated polyether–ether–ketone membranes (sPEEK) and a nanofiltration module with chitosan–polypropylene membranes (C–PHF–M) are used to carry out the hybrid process. The analysis of welding electrodes led to a composition of W (tungsten) 89.4%; Th 7.1%; O2 2.5%; and Al 1.1%. Thus, the parameters of the electrolysis process were chosen according to the speciation of the three metals suggested by the superimposed Pourbaix diagrams. At a constant potential of 20.0 V and an electrolysis current of 1.0 A, the pH is varied and the possible composition of the solution in the anodic workspace is analyzed. Favorable conditions for both electrolysis and nanofiltration were obtained at pH from 6 to 9, when the soluble tungstate ion, the aluminum hydroxide, and solid thorium dioxide were formed. Through the first nanofiltration, the tungstate ion is obtained in the permeate, and thorium dioxide and aluminum hydroxide in the concentrate. By adding a pH 13 solution over the two precipitates, the aluminum is solubilized as sodium aluminate, which will be found after the second nanofiltration in the permeate, with the thorium dioxide remaining integrally (within an error of ±0.1 ppm) on the C–PHF–M membrane.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Recovery of Thorium and Tungsten through Hybrid Electrolysis–Nanofiltration Processes

Man,

Albu,

Nechifor

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…On the one hand, the large surface area and pore volume ratio and uniform and well-structured porosity of the fiber mat allowed the wound exudates absorption while reducing the potential bacterial infection [ 115 ]. As a general remark, the SEM images recorded for both samples exposed macroporous fibrous networks with ramifications that formed a highly porous structure, uniformly distributed and randomly oriented defect-free fibers with diameters ranging from 14.86 nm to 203.3 nm, suitable for their application in wound healing, as it resembled the natural ECM [ 116 , 117 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanofibrous Mesh Based on PVA, Chitosan, and Usnic Acid for Applications in Wound Healing

Stoica

Albuleț

Bîrcă

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Injuries and diseases of the skin require accurate treatment using nontoxic and noninvasive biomaterials, which aim to mimic the natural structures of the body. There is a strong need to develop biodevices capable of accommodating nutrients and bioactive molecules and generating the process of vascularization. Electrospinning is a robust technique, as it can form fibrous structures for tissue engineering and wound dressings. The best way of forming such meshes for wound healing is to choose two polymers that complement each other regarding their properties. On the one hand, PVA is a water-soluble synthetic polymer widely used for the preparation of hydrogels in the field of biomedicine owing to its biocompatibility, water solubility, nontoxicity, and considerable mechanical properties. PVA is easy to subject to electrospinning and can offer strong mechanical stability of the mesh, but it is necessary to improve its biological properties. On the other hand, CS has good biological properties, including biodegradability, nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties. Still, it is harder to electrospin and does not possess as good mechanical properties as PVA. As these structures also allow the incorporation of bioactive agents due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, the interesting point was to incorporate usnic acid into the structure as it is a natural and suitable alternative agent for burn wounds treatment which avoids an improper or overuse of antibiotics and other invasive biomolecules. Thus, we report the fabrication of an electrospun nanofibrous mesh based on PVA, chitosan, and usnic acid with applications in wound healing. The obtained nanofibers mesh was physicochemically characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro biological assays were performed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the samples using the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) assay and evaluating the influence of fabricated meshes on the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development, as well as their biocompatibility (demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy results, an XTT assay, and a glutathione (GSH) assay).

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“…The membranes based on chitosan have been frequently used to carry out membrane processes for the separation of ions and molecules [57][58][59][60], but in this work, chitosan membranes are obtained on a polypropylene hollow fiber (C-PHF-M) support. Practically, the polypropylene hollow fiber (PHF) support, which has previously presented ultrafiltration performances [44][45][46], is transformed in nanofiltration composite membranes (C-PHF-M) by ultrafiltration of a chitosan solution to obtain in situ a selective layer of chitosan.…”

Section: Characterization Of C-phf-m Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneously Recovery of Thorium and Tungsten by Hybrid Electrolysis–Nanofiltration Processes

Man,

Albu,

Nechifor

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The recovery and recycling of metals that generate toxic ions in the environment is of particular importance, especially when these are tungsten and, in particular, thorium. The radioactive element thorium has unexpectedly accessible domestic applications (filaments of light bulbs and electronic tubes, welding electrodes, working alloys containing aluminum and magnesium), which lead to its appearance in electrical and electronic waste from municipal waste management platforms. The current paper proposes the simultaneous recovery of waste containing tungsten and thorium from welding electrodes. The simultaneous recovery is done by applying a hybrid membrane electrolysis technology coupled with nanofiltration. An electrolysis cell with sulphonated polyether–ether–ketone membranes (sPEEK) and a nanofiltration module with chitosan-polypropylene membranes (C–PHF–M) are used to carry out the hybrid process. The analysis of welding electrodes led to a composition of: W (tungsten) 89.4%; Th 7.1%; O2 2.5% and Al 1.1%. Thus, the parameters of the electrolysis process were chosen according to the speciation of the three metals suggested by the superimposed Pourbaix diagrams. At a constant potential of 20.0 V and an electrolysis current of 1.0 A, the pH is varied and the possible composition of the solution in the anodic workspace is analyzed. Favorable conditions for both electrolysis and nanofiltration were obtained at pH from 6 to 9, when the soluble tungstate ion, the aluminum hydroxide and solid thorium dioxide were formed. Through a first nanofiltration, the tungstate ion is obtained in the permeate, and thorium dioxide and aluminum hydroxide in the concentrate. By adding a pH 13 solution over the two precipitates, the aluminum is solubilized as sodium aluminate which will be found after the second nanofiltration in permeate, the thorium dioxide remaining integrally (within an error of ±0.1ppm) on the C–PHF–M membrane.

show abstract

A Review of Chitosan and Chitosan Nanofiber: Preparation, Characterization, and Its Potential Applications

Cited by 36 publications

References 262 publications

Simultaneously Recovery of Thorium and Tungsten through Hybrid Electrolysis–Nanofiltration Processes

Simultaneously Recovery of Thorium and Tungsten through Hybrid Electrolysis–Nanofiltration Processes

Electrospun Nanofibrous Mesh Based on PVA, Chitosan, and Usnic Acid for Applications in Wound Healing

Simultaneously Recovery of Thorium and Tungsten by Hybrid Electrolysis–Nanofiltration Processes

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