A Review of Climate Security Discussions in Japan

Odeyemi, Christo; Sekiyama, Takashi

doi:10.3390/ijerph19148253

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…On the other hand, among the geography variables, rough terrain and noncontiguous territory do not produce a statistically significant impact on the outcome across most model specifications. This finding is consistent with Buhaug et al (2009), who apply geographic information systems (GIS) techniques to improve the measurement of mountainous and forested terrain in conflict zones [87,88].…”

Section: Geographical Conditionssupporting

confidence: 89%

Review of Vulnerability Factors Linking Climate Change and Conflict

Nagano

Sekiyama

2023

Climate

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This systematic literature review gathers societal vulnerability factors linking climate change and conflict from 53 existing studies. The findings reveal three main points. First, four relevant factors are missing from a previous vulnerability analysis framework proposed by Pearson and Newman: land degradation/land cover, gender, customs, and geographical conditions. Second, two factors, access to technology (e.g., for climate change adaptation) and partially democratic states, are insufficiently studied. Third, classification criteria in the previous framework need revision for accuracy. Considering these points, this study proposes a modified vulnerability analysis framework and offers five suggestions for future research directions in climate security research. First, more qualitative case studies are needed to complement the quantitative work. Second, in particular, cases where conflict was avoided or cooperation was established in high vulnerability areas need further research. Third, further research is needed on understudied factors (e.g., access to technology and partial democracy) and on factors the conventional framework cannot explain (e.g., land degradation/land cover, gender, customs, and geographical conditions). Fourth, no single vulnerability factor leads to conflict in isolation, but only in interaction; their connections must be studied. Finally, case studies are needed on vulnerability factors in countries and regions that have suffered from climate change but have not experienced conflict.

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Section: Geographical Conditionssupporting

confidence: 89%

Review of Vulnerability Factors Linking Climate Change and Conflict

Nagano

Sekiyama

2023

Climate

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“…With this in mind, Japan is a case in point because the business sector, for example, has influenced policy by presenting alternatives to the government's position on CNN targets [2,5]. Furthermore, various perspectives on climate policies and responses have been discussed with explicit references to Japan (e.g., [1,[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]). Yamada [15] and Ohta and Barrett [3] deserve special mention in relation to Japan's announcement of its CNN policy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Four Important Contexts in Japan’s Carbon Neutrality Policy and Politics, 1990–2020

Odeyemi,

Sekiyama

2023

Climate

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This study answers four research questions by contextualising the background to Japan’s “carbon neutrality and net-zero” (CNN) policy, which was announced in October 2020, and identifying important changes in Japanese climate policy between 1990 and 2020. What is the link between the problem of fairness under the Kyoto targets and the Japanese government’s initial reluctance towards ambitious carbon emission reductions? Why did the Japanese business sector initially resist the possibility of ambitious carbon emission reductions? How has the term “climate crisis” contributed to the need for CNN policy? Why did the Japanese government change its reluctant stance and announce the CNN policy in October 2020? Four main findings were extracted from a narrative technique-based analysis of Japan’s policy documents related to CNN. The following are the findings: [i] the framing of climate change as a “climate crisis” by influential Japanese climate stakeholders was a key motivation for Japan to formally announce its CNN policy in October 2020; [ii] pressure from the international community and the political leadership of the Yoshihide Suga administration are essential factors that led the Japanese government to change its stance and announced this policy; [iii] it is possible that the policy could have been announced sooner, but concern among Japanese climate stakeholders about the problem of fairness in the Kyoto Protocol’s emission reduction targets likely impeded such an announcement; and [iv] this concern underpinned Keidanren’s (or the business sector’s) consistent opposition to the introduction of regulatory schemes. These results emerge for the first time in a study of Japan’s carbon neutrality, particularly in terms of the broader context of climate politics. Finally, we offer a possible explanation for Suga’s deliberate announcement of the CNN policy. This opens up space for future research to complement our study by providing important indicators on the trajectory of this important policy.

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“…This novelty is particularly important because Japan is a country where the business sector has exerted influence by providing certain alternatives to the government's stance on CNN targets (Kameyama 2021;InfluenceMap 2020). Furthermore, with explicit references to Japan, climate policies and responses have been discussed from various perspectives (e.g., Kameyama 2017;Ohta 2020Ohta , 2021Kameyama 2021a;Tetsuji 2021;Asaoka 2022;Odeyemi & Sekiyama 2022;Sekiyama 2020Uiko 2022). While some of these perspectives are similar, Yamada (2021) and Ohta and Barrett (2023) deserve special mention with regard to Japan's announcement of CNN policy and its changing but contentious climate politics/policymaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Four Important Contexts in Japan’s Carbon Neutrality Policy and Politics, 1990–2020

Odeyemi,

Sekiyama

2023

Preprint

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This study contextualises the background of Japan’s “carbon neutrality and net-zero” (CNN) policy announced in October 2020, thereby identifying important changes in the country’s climate policy between 1990 and 2020. Using four research questions, four main findings were extracted from a narrative technique-based analysis of Japan’s policy documents related to CNN. The following are the findings: [i] the framing of climate change as a “climate crisis” by influential Japanese climate stakeholders was a key motivation for Japan to formally announce its CNN policy in October 2020, [ii] pressure from the international community and the political leadership of the Yoshihide Suga administration are essential factors that led the Japanese government to change its stance and announced this policy, [iii] Japan unintentionally delayed announcement of the policy until 2020 due to the concern among Japanese climate stakeholders about the problem of fairness in Kyoto Protocol’s emission reduction targets, and [iv] this delay was also due to Keidanren’s (or business sector) consistent opposition to the introduction of regulatory schemes. These results emerge for the first time in a study of Japan’s CNN politics, particularly in terms of the broader context of climate politics. Finally, we offer a possible explanation for Suga’s deliberate announcement of the CNN policy. This opens up space for future research to complement our study by providing important indicators on the trajectory of this important policy.

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A Review of Climate Security Discussions in Japan

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Review of Vulnerability Factors Linking Climate Change and Conflict

Review of Vulnerability Factors Linking Climate Change and Conflict

The Roles of Four Important Contexts in Japan’s Carbon Neutrality Policy and Politics, 1990–2020

The Roles of Four Important Contexts in Japan’s Carbon Neutrality Policy and Politics, 1990–2020

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