A review of Coke and Anode Desulfurization

Edwards, Les; Neyrey, Keith J.; Lossius, Lorentz Petter

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48200-2_18

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…80%-85% of sulfur content in coke, as one of indicators affecting coke quality, comes from the mixed coal. It influences the sulfur content in steel from the blast furnace smelting and the design of the blast furnace and destroys the environment severely [20].…”

Section: Sulfur Content (S Tdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Study of Sigmoid Regularization Method in Coke Quality Prediction

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2020

Complexity

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Coke is an indispensable and vital flue for blast furnace smelting, during which it plays a key role as a reducing agent, heat source, and support skeleton. Models of prediction of coke quality based on ANN are established to map the functional relationship between quality parameters Mt, Ad, Vdaf, St,d, and caking property (X, Y, and G) of mixed coal and quality parameters Ad, St,d, coke reactivity index (CRI), and coke strength after reaction (CSR) of coke. A regularized network training method based on Sigmoid function is designed considering that redundancy of network structure may lead to the learning of undesired noise, in which weights having little impact on performance and leading to overfitting are removed in terms of computational complexity and training errors. The cascade forward neural network with validation is found to be the most suitable one for coke quality prediction, with errors around 5%, followed by feedforward neural network structure and radial basis neural networks. The cascade forward neural network may play a guiding role during the coke production.

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Section: Sulfur Content (S Tdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Study of Sigmoid Regularization Method in Coke Quality Prediction

Zhao

Liu

et al. 2020

Complexity

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“…Influenced by high-sulfur crude oil supply, the sulfur concentration of petroleum coke is getting higher. So it happens to carbon anode. , In modern aluminum industry, the theoretical minimum consumption of carbon anode is 334 kg per ton aluminum. Considering huge aluminum annual output, the amount of SO x released from aluminum electrolysis industry is beyond our imagination if there is no effective treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DFT Research on Benzothiophene Pyrolysis Reaction Mechanism

Hong-liang

et al. 2019

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Thiophene sulfur is the most stable organic sulfur species in petroleum coke, among which benzothiophene accounts for a significant portion. Removal of benzothiophene will help to gain ultralow desulfurization. In this work, a density function theory (DFT) method was adopted to investigate benzothiophene pyrolysis mechanism. It was found that the most possible pyrolysis reaction of benzothiophene is triggered by α-H migration to β-position. The dominating products are S radical and ethenethione, which could explain benzothiophene pyrolysis experiments well. Converting thiophene fused on aromatic to a thiol group could help to promote desulfurization. As a contrast, the thiophene pyrolysis reaction was also calculated at the same level. The initial pyrolysis temperature of benzothiophene and thiophene may be close, but the pyrolysis rate of thiophene is higher than that of benzothiophene. The implication of the benzothiophene pyrolysis mechanism may be beneficial for the development of new desulfurization technology.

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“…High-sulfur-content (>4 wt %) petroleum coke (petcoke) is the residue produced during refining of heavy crude oil (typically with a high sulfur content). , High-S petcoke exhibits a higher yield in the delayed coking process compared to low- or middle-S petcokes. − Furthermore, as a result of the changing oil composition and improving desulfurization technologies, the yield of petcoke with a high S content is steadily increasing . Low-S petcoke and the calcined product (calcined coke) are the main raw materials for producing high-quality carbon anodes for use in electric furnace steelmaking and aluminum electrolysis. , Requirements for precalcined petcoke are high fixed carbon (>80 wt %), very low ash (<1 wt %), and acceptable (low) S content . However, with the decreasing quality of crude oil, more petcoke is produced with a high S content, which also results in a fragile and porous structure that can be easily crushed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, high-S petcoke cannot be used as a feedstock for anode production because of its high-S content and poor mechanical properties. Currently, there is no economic desulfurization approach for high-S petcokes that reach the desired levels. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reductive Gaseous (H₂/NH₃) Desulfurization and Gasification of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke via Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Zhong

Shabnam²,

Xiao

et al. 2019

Energy Fuels

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The use of high-sulfur petroleum coke (petcoke) as raw material in the carbon industry requires an effective desulfurization process. Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and NH 3 gaseous desulfurization are the most effective approaches. However, the S/N removal and the gasification ability of HDS and NH 3 desulfurization have not been well-explored. Here, petcoke transitions were examined using the reactive force field simulation approach at a constant volume and temperature (3000 K for 250 ps). The S/N removal and transformations in HDS were thiophenic S → C 1−4 S, H 1−2 S → H 2 S, and pyrrolic and pyridinic N → C 1−4 N → HCN. Given the large H 2 production from NH 3 decomposition, the S/N removal and transformations in NH 3 desulfurization were similar to those of HDS. However, NH compounds (NH 3 ) directly bonded with C atoms in petcoke, adding to the coke yield but adding an additional heteroatom challenge with utilization after NH 3 desulfurization. Produced C 1−4 N (CN, mostly) and H 2 were transformed into H x C 1−4 N (0 < x < 5). The final stable gaseous compounds were HCN and H 2 S. For NH 3 treatment, some NH compounds bonded with C atoms, resulting in an increased N content after NH 3 desulfurization (higher coke yield compared to HDS).

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A review of Coke and Anode Desulfurization

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Application Study of Sigmoid Regularization Method in Coke Quality Prediction

Application Study of Sigmoid Regularization Method in Coke Quality Prediction

DFT Research on Benzothiophene Pyrolysis Reaction Mechanism

Reductive Gaseous (H₂/NH₃) Desulfurization and Gasification of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke via Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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A review of Coke and Anode Desulfurization

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Application Study of Sigmoid Regularization Method in Coke Quality Prediction

Application Study of Sigmoid Regularization Method in Coke Quality Prediction

DFT Research on Benzothiophene Pyrolysis Reaction Mechanism

Reductive Gaseous (H2/NH3) Desulfurization and Gasification of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke via Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations

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Reductive Gaseous (H₂/NH₃) Desulfurization and Gasification of High-Sulfur Petroleum Coke via Reactive Force Field Molecular Dynamics Simulations