A review of commercial development of continental shale oil in China

Comparative Study on the Macroscopic Exploitation and Microscopic Mobilization Characteristics of CO2 and N2 HnP to Enhance Shale Oil Recovery

“…Due to the low porosity and permeability of shale oil reservoirs, single wells usually have no natural productivity, or the natural productivity is below the lower limit of industrial oil flow, − and the reservoirs must be fractured before commercial development of shale oil can be realized . After fracturing, the initial production of a single well is significantly increased, but the reservoir pressure decays quickly, and the stable production effect is not good, with the primary recovery ratio usually below 10%. − There is still a large amount of oil retained in the pores of the shale reservoir, which has a huge potential for development. Therefore, there is an urgent need to carry out technical research related to improving the recovery of shale oil.…”

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Supramolecular Polymers within Nanoconfinements for Enhanced Oil Recovery

“…1−4 With the advancement of horizontal well drilling techniques and the progress in large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology, unconventional oil reservoirs such as shale oil formations have been successfully exploited. 5,6 Simultaneously, due to the abundant reserves of unconventional oil resources, the vigorous exploration and development of resources such as shale oil formations can substantially alleviate the energy crisis. 7−10 However, shale oil formations, as unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, exhibit significant differences in terms of occurrence and permeability characteristics compared to conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs.…”

“…The increasing global energy demand necessitates a commensurate increase in crude oil production. Consequently, heightened emphasis is being placed on the exploration of enhanced oil recovery enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods, drawing progressively escalating attention. − With the advancement of horizontal well drilling techniques and the progress in large-scale hydraulic fracturing technology, unconventional oil reservoirs such as shale oil formations have been successfully exploited. , Simultaneously, due to the abundant reserves of unconventional oil resources, the vigorous exploration and development of resources such as shale oil formations can substantially alleviate the energy crisis. − However, shale oil formations, as unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs, exhibit significant differences in terms of occurrence and permeability characteristics compared to conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. − The reservoir rock properties of shale oil formations are notably inferior, with the predominant storage space consisting of a nanoscale pore–fracture system . The flow behavior of oil within these nanoscale pores differs distinctly from the flow patterns observed within conventional pores …”

Experimental Study on Hydrocarbon Generation Characteristics of Type II Kerogen from Low-Maturity Shale in Supercritical Water

“…Conventional oil and gas resources are being consumed and cannot be replaced in the short term, so it is of great urgency to search for alternatives. Organic-rich shale is widely recognized as an alternative to traditional oil and gas resources because of its hydrocarbon generation potential. , After a successful combination of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing, US shale development has boomed since the 1990s. , However, a large number of low-maturity shales, mainly in China, cannot be effectively developed by horizontal well volume fracturing technology because low-maturity shales contain solid oil parent material (kerogen). − Kerogen needs to be converted into mobile oil and gas products through thermal conversion. According to different heating methods, the existing conversion technologies can be divided into electric heating, , fluid heating, − radiation heating, combustion heating technology, etc.…”