A Review of Commercial Electric Vehicle Charging Methods

Abstract

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are rapidly becoming the forerunners of vehicle technology. First electric vehicles were overlooked because of not having adequate battery capacity and because of low efficiency of their electric motors. Developing semiconductor and battery technologies increased the interest in the EVs. Nevertheless, current batteries still have insufficient capacity. As a result of this, vehicles must be recharged at short distances (approximately 150 km). Due to scheduled departure and arrival times EVs appear to be more suitable for city buses rather than regular automobiles. Thanks to correct charging technology and the availability of renewable energy for electric buses, the cities have less noise and CO2 emissions. The energy consumption of internal combustion engines is higher than of the electric motors. In this paper, studies on the commercial electric vehicle charging methods will be reviewed and the plug-in charging processes will be described in detail. This study strives to answer the questions of how plug-in charging process communication has performed between the EV and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE).

Accurate Modeling of CCS Combo Type 1 Cable and Its Communication Performance Analysis for High-Speed EV-EVSE Charging System

“…In this section, a simulation is performed for the communication system using the complete S-parameter of the CCS-CT1 obtained in the previous section. As mentioned earlier, CCS-CT1 uses both low-level communication (LLC), which is based on Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) [37,52] and used in AC slow charging, and high-level communication (HLC), also known as Homeplug GreenPHY (HPGP). LLC is typically used to check the hardware status just before starting the charging process, while HLC provides important information such as the charging status of the vehicle battery, remaining charging time, and potential heat generation caused by high current levels, given that the hardware checklist is completed via LLC communication.…”

The Business Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations to Power Environmentally Friendly Tourism: A Case Study of the Khao Kho Route in Thailand

“…Departure and arrival times are scheduled for electric charging services. Therefore, electric cars are better suited to city buses than regular cars on schedule (Terzi et al, 2020).…”

Neural network based novel controller for hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles

“…This paper also discussed about charging related issue and transient analysis of HEV system. Terzi et al [3] reviewed the commercial electric vehicle charging method. This paper also discussed about various issues related to charging system.…”