A Review of COVID-19 Vaccines, Immunogenicity, Safety, and Efficacy Toward Addressing Vaccine Hesitancy, Inequity, and Future Epidemic Preparedness

Abstract

This chapter provides an update on COVID-19 vaccines, emphasizing their immunogenicity, safety, efficacy, and potential impact on vaccine hesitancy, inequity, and future epidemic preparedness. Various vaccine types, such as mRNA-based, DNA-based, viral vector, inactivated, and protein subunit vaccines, are explored, evaluating their mechanisms and advantages in eliciting robust immune responses. Safety is thoroughly assessed using clinical trials and real-world data to address hesitancy concerns. Strategies for equitable distribution are discussed to achieve widespread coverage and overcome barriers. Lessons drawn from the pandemic serve as a roadmap for proactive measures aimed at bolstering epidemic preparedness, highlighting the critical role of global cooperation and equitable vaccine distribution in safeguarding public health worldwide.