A review of current progress of recycling technologies for metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment

Zhang, Lingen; Xu, Zhenming

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.004

Cited by 439 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Several reviews of concepts for recycling of WEEE have been published recently, e.g., [9,10], including not only pyrometallurgical routes but also other techniques, traditional hydrometallurgical processing, bio-hydrometallurgy, electrochemical, supercritical, vacuum, and molten salt techniques. As stated in Ref.…”

Section: And Andreas Lennartssonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale WEEE Recycling Integrated in an Ore-Based Cu-Extraction System

Lennartsson

Engström

Samuelsson

et al. 2018

J. Sustain. Metall.

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At Boliden's Rönnskär smelter, WEEE is smelted in a Kaldo process and the black copper, together or without the slag, is charged to the PS converter. This process route has proven to be a viable way to obtain a high WEEE smelting capacity in an originally ore-based process system. Experience shows that the slag in the PS converter is usually not fully liquid, and the amount of solids present in the slag increases due to introduction of slag and black copper from WEEE smelting. The effect of increased content of Al 2 O 3 and Cr in the slag on the liquidus temperature has been calculated using FactSage both for the converter slag and for the slag in the electric smelting furnace. The potential of changed slag chemistry is discussed. The consequences of the applied praxis on the removal of Antimony in the converter have been modeled using SimuSage.

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Section: And Andreas Lennartssonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale WEEE Recycling Integrated in an Ore-Based Cu-Extraction System

Lennartsson

Engström

Samuelsson

et al. 2018

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…The table was elaborated from National Institute of Ecology and Climate Change (INECC by its acronym in Spanish) studies [19][20][21][22][23][24] and with interviews and field visits to 27 recycling e-waste companies in Mexico [25]. The WEEE contain heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al) and cobalt (Co) [27,28] and organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), or other compounds such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/furans (PCDD/Fs) [29], which can be released from artisanal thermal recycling processes or inadequate recycling processes of WEEE [30], and subsequently have been found in different environmental matrices with adverse negative environmental effects [31,32].…”

Section: Electronic Waste In the Waste Stream System In Mexicomentioning

confidence: 99%

E-Waste Supply Chain in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management

et al. 2017

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Electronic waste is a widespread environmental problem. From all waste streams, e-waste is registering one of the largest growing rates (between 3% and 5%). In Mexico, the e-waste recovery system comprises a mix of formal and informal sectors not well known to date. The goal of this article was to analyze electronic waste in Mexico through the active actors in the recovery chain. This article presents the evolution of studies on electronic waste in Mexico. The legal regulations and public policies were analyzed, as were the existing practices of electronic waste handling, and some challenges facing this country for waste flow management. A management model is proposed which highlights components that must be considered in the model and the opportunities and challenges to transition from an unbundled handling, which still has practices that lack environmental and technical support, to sustainable management.

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“…Their paper discussed on the common priority areas for WEEE across the globe and the future WEEE generation, treatment, prevention and regulation activity. Zhang et al [18] reviewed the latest recycling technologies to extract metals from WEEE. They elaborated on the shortfalls of each technology from technical and environmental perspective and discussed the future development of recycling technologies for extraction of metals from WEEE.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of acids in acid leaching process of extraction can cause major environmental hazards and safety issues if not handled cautiously. These techniques do not provide value addition as precious metals are not extracted efficiently leading to large waste and bio hazards [18]. When different plastic wastes are accumulated together, it becomes economically unviable to separate them and recycle.…”

Section: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable recycling technologies for Solar PV off-grid system

Uppal¹,

Tamboli²,

Wubhayavedantapuram³

2017

E3S Web Conf.

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Policy makers throughout the world have accepted climate change as a repercussion of fossil fuel exploitation. This has led the governments to integrate renewable energy streams in their national energy mix. PV off-grid Systems have been at the forefront of this transition because of their permanently increasing efficiency and cost effectiveness. These systems are expected to produce large amount of different waste streams at the end of their lifetime. It is important that these waste streams should be recycled because of the lack of available resources. Our study found that separate researches have been carried out to increase the efficiencies of recycling of individual PV system components but there is a lack of a comprehensive methodical research which details efficient and sustainable recycling processes for the entire PV off-grid system. This paper reviews the current and future recycling technologies for PV off-grid systems and presents a scheme of the most sustainable recycling technologies which have the potential for adoption. Full Recovery End-of-Life Photovoltaic (FRELP) recycling technology can offer opportunities to sustainably recycle crystalline silicon PV modules. Electro-hydrometallurgical process & Vacuum technologies can be used for recovering lead from lead acid batteries with a high recovery rate. The metals in the WEEE can be recycled by using a combination of biometallurgical technology, vacuum metallurgical technology and other advanced metallurgical technologies (utrasonical, mechano-chemical technology) while the plastic components can be effectively recycled without separation by using compatibilizers. All these advanced technologies when used in combination with each other provide sustainable recycling options for growing PV off-grid systems waste. These promising technologies still need further improvement and require proper integration techniques before implementation.

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A review of current progress of recycling technologies for metals from waste electrical and electronic equipment

Cited by 439 publications

References 129 publications

Large-Scale WEEE Recycling Integrated in an Ore-Based Cu-Extraction System

Large-Scale WEEE Recycling Integrated in an Ore-Based Cu-Extraction System

E-Waste Supply Chain in Mexico: Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Management

Sustainable recycling technologies for Solar PV off-grid system

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