A review of design methods for cold in-place recycling asphalt mixtures: Design processes, key parameters, and evaluation

Liu, Ziming; Sun, Lijun; Zhai, Jiahui; Huang, Weiqi

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133530

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In general, there is no single method in the world for the design of cold in-place recycling. Many of the methods are improvements on the design methods associated with hot mix asphalt mixtures [4].…”

Section: Mixture Compositions and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the multiple benefits in terms of environmental protection, the rational use of resources and energy consumption, the reduction of air pollution in cities and global warming, and the planning and design of sustainable cities should include the use of recycled materials on a larger scale in the construction and reconstruction of road infrastructure. Recycling road construction materials for reuse in new pavements [4] as well as utilizing binders from less environmentally damaging sources [5] represent the important components for achieving the goal of sustainable pavements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cold recycling is a type of recycling in which old pavement layers are removed and crushed into reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and then are mixed with bituminous and/or mineral binders, paved, and compacted at ambient temperatures [4,14]. The use of Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Fluid Content in Pavement Cold In-Place Recycling Containing Waste Materials

et al. 2022

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The planning of road infrastructure undergoes major changes, especially in terms of sustainable development. Recycling of pavement structures involves the reuse of materials from existing pavement structures due to its timesaving and environmental benefits, as well as cost reduction. According to the recycling temperature, recycling can be hot and cold. This paper deals with cold in-place recycling and the determination of the optimum fluid content for by-product materials in mixtures compared with one containing natural zeolite. The content of bitumen emulsion and cement—which are the most used materials so far in cold recycling along with foam bitumen—was replaced with fly ash, slag or natural zeolite, and bakelite, respectively, while recycled asphalt pavement from Serbia (Žabalj) was used. Six different mixtures were made. The mixture with the addition of fly ash had the highest optimum fluid content (7.6%) compared with all test mixtures. Mixtures with slag, natural zeolite, and bakelite were in the range of a mixture containing 2% cement. Furthermore, the mixture with 3% cement had the lowest optimum fluid content (5.7%) in comparison to all the mixtures that were tested.

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Section: Mixture Compositions and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimum Fluid Content in Pavement Cold In-Place Recycling Containing Waste Materials

et al. 2022

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“…The evidence of 100% recycled pavement is often a laboratory-methodological investigation, and National Standards and guidelines are missing. Cold recycling of asphalt pavements and some specific raw secondary materials does not negatively impact environmental pollution and human health, also ensuring good mechanical performance [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road Asphalt Pavements Made by Bottom Ashes from Waste-to-Energy Plant as a Filler

Veropalumbo,

Malvezzi,

Oreto

et al. 2024

Asphalt Materials - Recent Developments and New Perspective [Working Title]

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Not all waste is completely burned by waste-to-energy plants. About 73% of it is bottom ashes (BA). Sustainable reuse of the BA is to reprocess them into the production chain of the asphalt mixtures for road pavements. This research deals with an experimental investigation of the mechanical performance of hot and cold asphalt mastics made with the BA filler versus the traditional ones containing limestone powder (LP). First, environmental compatibility tests were carried out and then a rheological analysis, applying viscosity, frequency sweep, and multiple stress creep and recovery tests, was performed to check the feasibility of using the BA as a filler for asphalt-based materials. Looking at the main results, the ecotoxicological tests in terms of EC50 for toxicity on Daphnia and EC50 for algal growth inhibition confirmed the usability of all the mastics from an environmental point of view. The rheological results showed higher G* values for cold asphalt mastics made up with the BA compared to the corresponding solutions made with the LP. Additionally, it was also observed that the mastics containing BA returned a 90% decrease in non-recoverable creep compliance at test temperatures over 40°C compared to the corresponding mastics made with the LP.

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“…Many factors influence the pavement performance of cold recycling mixtures. Therefore, reasonable design of material composition characteristics, such as raw material, volume characteristics, and key control parameters, can give full play to the performance of cold recycling mixtures [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. RAP material is the biggest contributor of cold recycling mixture as its properties, including field moisture content, asphalt binder condition, content, source, aggregate gradation, etc., are closely related to the performances the of cold recycling mixture [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Performance Analysis of Emulsified Asphalt Cold Recycling Mixtures of the Middle Layer of Pavement Structure

2023

Materials

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In the maintenance engineering of asphalt pavement, it is often encountered that both the surface and middle layers are damaged and need to be maintained. The cold in-place recycling technology can be used to simultaneously treat multi-layer diseases and reduce the waste of pavement materials. The cold in-place recycling mixture is rarely used for high layer of pavement structure in high-grade highway. In the supporting practical engineering, the emulsified asphalt cold in-place recycling mixtures were paved as the middle layer of pavement structure by the laying of an overlay. In order to comprehensively evaluate the material performances, coring samples were drilled after cold recycling pavement opening to traffic, and different performance tests were carried out based on the coring samples. The newly paved SMA mixtures were set as the control group. The high temperature stability of cold recycling mixture was analyzed by dynamic creep test and MMLS3 accelerated loading test. Then, the cracking resistance of cold recycling mixture was studied by semi-circular bending test. Finally, the effect of curing time on splitting strength of cold recycling mixture was measured, and the moisture susceptibility was analyzed by dry–wet splitting test and freeze–thaw splitting test. The test results showed that the high temperature stability of cold recycling mixture was worse than SMA mixture. For the cold recycling mixture, the deformation value at the early stage and deformation rate at the stable stage were larger than SMA mixture in the accelerated loading process, and shear failure at high temperature occurred earlier. The cracking resistance of cold recycling mixture was worse than SMA mixture because of the aging effect of the old asphalt and adverse influence of the added cement binder. The effect of curing time on splitting strength of cold recycling mixture was significant, and two stable periods of early strength were, respectively, reached after curing 3 days and 7 days. The indexes of moisture susceptibility, including dry–wet splitting strength ratio and freeze–thaw splitting strength ratio, were obviously lower than that of SMA mixture, and the test values not up to the standard requirement existed. For the emulsified asphalt cold in-place recycling mixture, the improvement of material performances should be focused on, especially the moisture susceptibility. In the research, the emulsified asphalt cold in-place recycling mixtures were acceptably used as the middle layer of maintenance pavement structure. The reliable discussions were summarized based on coring samples collected from real-life road sections. The case can provide guidance and reference for similar engineering applications.

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A review of design methods for cold in-place recycling asphalt mixtures: Design processes, key parameters, and evaluation

Cited by 19 publications

References 96 publications

Optimum Fluid Content in Pavement Cold In-Place Recycling Containing Waste Materials

Optimum Fluid Content in Pavement Cold In-Place Recycling Containing Waste Materials

Road Asphalt Pavements Made by Bottom Ashes from Waste-to-Energy Plant as a Filler

Key Performance Analysis of Emulsified Asphalt Cold Recycling Mixtures of the Middle Layer of Pavement Structure

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