A review of different approaches based on force fields for airborne conflict resolution

Zeghal, Karim

doi:10.2514/6.1998-4240

Cited by 35 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Beside difficulties imposed by aircraft performance (speed limits or trajectory smoothness) [12], there are successful implementations of the force field methods, like [13], [14] and [15]. Even though, the major drawbacks of a force field method are a continuous aircraft maneuver in response to the changing force field [16], and complete neglect of the optimization.…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homotopy Route Generation Model for Robust Trajectory Planning

Vidosavljević

Delahaye

Tosic

2017

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Although advance future avionics will enable full compliance with the given trajectory; there are many uncertainty sources that can deflect aircraft from their intended positions. In this article we investigate potential of robust trajectory planning, considered as an additional demand management action, as a mean to alleviate the en-route congestion in airspace. Robust trajectory planning (RTP) involves generation of congestion-free trajectories with minimum operating cost taking into account uncertainty of trajectory prediction and unforeseen event. The model decision variables include ground delay, change of horizontal route and vertical profile (flight level) to resolve congestion problem. The article introduces a novel approach for route generation (3D trajectory) based on homotopic feature of continuous functions. It is shown that this approach is capable of generating a large number of route shapes with a reasonable number of decision variables. RTP problem is modeled as a mixed-variable optimization problem and it is solved using stochastic optimization technique. The model is tested on a real-life example from the French airspace. The results indicate that, under certain conditions, with small increase of total planned costs, it is possible to increase robustness of the proposed solution providing a good alternative to the solutions given by existing conflict-free trajectory planning models.

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Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homotopy Route Generation Model for Robust Trajectory Planning

Vidosavljević

Delahaye

Tosic

2017

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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“…Several recent papers have focused on solving CD&R problems [4,13,20,24,31,26,33,25,27,14,21,16,10,6,29,2,34,3,7,23,18,11,39,1,12,9,15,8,36,37]. In a recent comprehensive survey, Kuchar and Yang [26] consider the problems of conflict detection and resolution separately; we focus on conflict resolution in this paper.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A third class of conflict resolution techniques uses force field methods and assumes aircraft fly in the force field generated by a potential function; the forces induced by the potential function form a resolution maneuver [23,18,11,39,9,40]. Duong and Zeghal [9] present a technique in which a force field "generated" by an intruding aircraft produces a conflict avoidance action and a force from the flight plan generates an attracting action.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocol-Based Conflict Resolution for Air Traffic Control

Hwang

Kim

Tomlin

2007

Air Traffic Control Quarterly

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This paper proposes a method for multiple-aircraft conflict avoidance. We assume that aircraft cruise at constant altitude with varying velocities and that conflicts are resolved in the horizontal plane using heading change, velocity change, or a combination thereof. We assume that each aircraft's position, heading, and velocity are available to all aircraft involved in the conflict, we constrain the maneuver to be two straight paths of equal length, and we assume that all aircraft initiate conflict resolution maneuvers at the same time and that once an aircraft has initiated a maneuver, its velocity along the maneuver remains constant. Our multiple-aircraft conflict resolution methodology is presented in two steps; first, we consider an unrealistic but geometrically simple exact conflict, in which the original trajectories of all aircraft collide at a point, in order to derive a closed-form analytic solution for the required heading change, and then we consider a realistic inexact conflict, in which conflict points of multiple aircraft do not coincide. Heading change is a main control input for conflict resolution, yet velocity change is also used for an inexact conflict. We then construct a finite partition of the airspace around the conflict, and using our analytic solution, we derive a protocol for resolving the worst-case conflict within each partition. The result is a multiple-aircraft conflict resolution protocol, or a simple rule which is easily understandable and

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“…These methods can essentially be divided into rule-based approaches [8][9][10], force field methods [11], and optimization-based approaches [6,[12][13][14]. This paper belongs to the last category and adopts many of the simplifying assumptions made in previous research.…”

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confidence: 99%

Joint Metering and Conflict Resolution in Air Traffic Control

Pappas

2011

Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics

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This paper describes a novel optimization-based approach to conflict resolution in air traffic control, based on geometric programming. A key feature of this approach is its ability to also take into account various metering directives issued by the traffic flow management level, in contrast to most methods that focus purely on aircraft separation issues. Moreover, the proposed methodology can account for some of the nonlinearities present in the formulations of conflict resolution problems, while incurring only a small penalty in computation time with respect to the fastest linear-programming-based approaches. Integer variables can be introduced to improve the quality of the solutions and to include combinatorial choices, for example, to optimize over aircraft sequences in merging streams. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the approach on various aircraft separation problems, including miles-in-trail and minutes-in-trail restrictions through airspace fixes and boundaries.

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A review of different approaches based on force fields for airborne conflict resolution

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Homotopy Route Generation Model for Robust Trajectory Planning

Homotopy Route Generation Model for Robust Trajectory Planning

Protocol-Based Conflict Resolution for Air Traffic Control

Joint Metering and Conflict Resolution in Air Traffic Control

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