A review of durability test protocols of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicle

Chen, Huicui; Song, Zhen; Zhao, Xin; Zhang, Tong; Pei, Pucheng; Liang, Chen

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.050

Cited by 158 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Interestingly, millisecond kinetics for this reaction have been documented [11][12][13][14]. The rapid, efficient conversion of methane to hydrogen will be conducive to the introduction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells into automotive markets [15,16]. This technology also holds great promise in spark ignition engines [3,4] and catalytic converters [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Production of Hydrogen by Methane Steam Reforming Coupled with Catalytic Combustion in Integrated Microchannel Reactors

et al. 2018

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This paper addresses the issues related to the rapid production of hydrogen from methane steam reforming by means of process intensification. Methane steam reforming coupled with catalytic combustion in thermally integrated microchannel reactors for the production of hydrogen was investigated numerically. The effect of the catalyst, flow arrangement, and reactor dimension was assessed to optimize the design of the system. The thermal interaction between reforming and combustion was investigated for the purpose of the rapid production of hydrogen. The importance of thermal management was discussed in detail, and a theoretical analysis was made on the transport phenomena during each of the reforming and combustion processes. The results indicated that the design of a thermally integrated system operated at millisecond contact times is feasible. The design benefits from the miniaturization of the reactors, but the improvement in catalyst performance is also required to ensure the rapid production of hydrogen, especially for the reforming process. The efficiency of heat exchange can be greatly improved by decreasing the gap distance. The flow rates should be well designed on both sides of the reactor to meet the requirements of both materials and combustion stability. The flow arrangement plays a vital role in the operation of the thermally integrated reactor, and the design in a parallel-flow heat exchanger is preferred to optimize the distribution of energy in the system. The catalyst loading is an important design parameter to optimize reactor performance and must be carefully designed. Finally, engineering maps were constructed to design thermally integrated devices with desired power, and operating windows were also determined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: Production of Hydrogen by Methane Steam Reforming Coupled with Catalytic Combustion in Integrated Microchannel Reactors

et al. 2018

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“…Hydrogen‐powered fuel cell provides clean electric energy with zero CO 2 emission. With extensive research and development in past decades, fuel cells have been demonstrating potential prospects in automobiles and consumer electronics . One of the main obstacles for its extended commercialization, however, is how to acquire affordable hydrogen sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ru@RuO₂ Core‐Shell Nanorods: A Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Jiang

Tran

et al. 2019

Energy & Environ Materials

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Ru@RuO2 core‐shell nanorods were successfully synthesized by heat‐treating Ru nanorods with air oxidation through an accurate control of the temperature and time. The structure, composition, dimension, and adsorption property of the core‐shell nanorods were well characterized with XRD and TEM. The catalytic activity and stability were electrochemically evaluated with a rotating disk electrode, a rotating ring‐disk electrode, and chronopotentiometric methods. The Ru@RuO2 nanorods reveal excellent bifunctional catalytic activity and robust stability for both oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The overpotentials for OER and HER are 320 mV and 137 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. The catalytic activity of Ru@RuO2 nanorods for OER is 6.5 times higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art catalyst IrO2 according to the catalytic current density measured at 1.60 V (versus RHE). The catalytic activity of Ru@RuO2 nanorods for HER is comparable to 40% Pt/C by comparing the catalytic current densities at −0.2 V.

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“…The actual correlation between the variables that are unrelated, and their corresponding response surface can be determined functionally using a polynomial in second order represented by Equation (2).…”

Section: Surface Response Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells generate current and voltage using hydrogen gas (fuel) and oxidant (oxygen) as reactant and platinum as catalyst through an electrochemical process [1][2][3]. The fuel (hydrogen) is introduced into the fuel cell via the anode flow channels while the oxygen/air flows through the cathode flow channels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis of 5-Cell Stack Fuel Cell Using Three Bipolar Plate Geometry Designs

Wilberforce

Olabi

2020

Sustainability

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The investigation conducted is aimed at establishing the best operational conditions to obtain the best output of a 5-cell stack Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) with three different bipolar plate geometries. The work further explores the best input parameters that will yield the maximum voltage, current power as well as fuel efficiency from each of the three designs under investigation. A polarization curve was generated for each of the three designs and a surface response plot developed for each experiment. The work concluded that the spiral design performed very well compared to the other designs under investigation and even existing on the fuel cell market.

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A review of durability test protocols of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicle

Cited by 158 publications

References 53 publications

RETRACTED: Production of Hydrogen by Methane Steam Reforming Coupled with Catalytic Combustion in Integrated Microchannel Reactors

RETRACTED: Production of Hydrogen by Methane Steam Reforming Coupled with Catalytic Combustion in Integrated Microchannel Reactors

Ru@RuO₂ Core‐Shell Nanorods: A Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis of 5-Cell Stack Fuel Cell Using Three Bipolar Plate Geometry Designs

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A review of durability test protocols of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells for vehicle

Cited by 158 publications

References 53 publications

RETRACTED: Production of Hydrogen by Methane Steam Reforming Coupled with Catalytic Combustion in Integrated Microchannel Reactors

RETRACTED: Production of Hydrogen by Methane Steam Reforming Coupled with Catalytic Combustion in Integrated Microchannel Reactors

Ru@RuO2 Core‐Shell Nanorods: A Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions

Design of Experiment (DOE) Analysis of 5-Cell Stack Fuel Cell Using Three Bipolar Plate Geometry Designs

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Ru@RuO₂ Core‐Shell Nanorods: A Highly Active and Stable Bifunctional Catalyst for Oxygen Evolution and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions