A review of echinoderm oogenesis

Smiley, Scott

doi:10.1002/jemt.1060160203

Cited by 44 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…This shows that GVBD inducing activity is represented by 43-amino acid synthetic Aj-GSSL peptide. This also implicates indirect function of Aj-GSSL for GVBD, may be through presumed 2,8-disubstituted adenine as a secondary messenger (Smiley, 1990). Although the mechanism how activity of synthetic Aj-GSSL suppressed GVBD at higher concentration (Fig.6) that also was seen in the 3 kDa>-fraction of RNE in similar manner (Fig.1D) ought to be elucidated, it would be a possible interpretation that overdosed application of Aj-GSSL or Aj-GSSL active peptide fragments in the 3 kDa>-fraction down-regulates its receptor expression as is known in peptide hormone action mechanism, such as insulin binding.…”

Section: Gvbd Inducing Activity Of Aj-gsslmentioning

confidence: 78%

Gonad-stimulating substance-like molecule from the radial nerve of the sea cucumber

Katow¹,

Katow²,

Moriyama³

2009

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Gonad-stimulating substance-like molecule (GSSL) was isolated from the radial nerve of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Aj-GSSL), and its partial DNA and protein sequences were characterized. The smaller part of the molecule that also retains GSSL activity was estimated. Radial nerve extract (RNE) induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) at 3 mg/ml in 85% of immature ovarian oocytes. Similar intensity of GSSL activity to RNE was seen in a fraction that contained peptides between 3 kDa and 10 kDa (3-10 kDa-fraction) separated by ultrafiltlation membrane. MALDI-TOF MS analysis and silver-stained 18% SDS-PAGE slab gels identified a major peptide at around 4.6 kDa in a 3-10 kDa-fraction, and that was subjected to internal protein sequencing. The resulting 12-amino acid sequence was not found in the BLAST database to date. Immunohistochemistry using antiserum raised against the 12-amino acid peptide located the peptide to granular cells in the hyponeural part of the radial nerve and in the epineural sinus beneath the radial nerve. Sequence data was obtained using degenerate primers designed from the12-amino acid sequence and 5' and 3' RACEs. These resulted in a 148 bp cDNA that coded a 43-amino acid sequence of H 2 N-VLSKQAHHHHHEGWSLPGVPAEIDDLAGNIDYNIFKEQREKIK-COOH. The synthetic 43-amino acid Aj-GSSL generated from this sequence induced GVBD in 50% of immature ovarian oocytes at 6 µM. An N-terminal 21-amino acid peptide of the synthetic partial Aj-GSSL (Aj-GSSL-P1) induced GVBD to 80% of immature ovarian oocytes at 12 µM. This indicated that Aj-GSSL-P1 is of sufficient length for GSSL activity.

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Section: Gvbd Inducing Activity Of Aj-gsslmentioning

confidence: 78%

Gonad-stimulating substance-like molecule from the radial nerve of the sea cucumber

Katow¹,

Katow²,

Moriyama³

2009

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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“…The most important functions of NPs are phagocytosis of relict and abnormal gametes, restoration of nutritive substances, and participation in nutrition of growing and differentiating gametes (Varaksina 1985;Smiley 1990;Reunov et al 2004;Walker et al 2005). Phagocytosis of sexual cells in sea urchin gonads, followed by use and restoration of nutritive substances in NP cytoplasm, is commonly called ''resorption'' (Motavkine and Varaksine 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lipofuscin-Like Pigment in Gonads of Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius as a Potential Biomarker of Marine Pollution: A Field Study

Vaschenko

Жадан

Aminin

et al. 2011

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Accumulation of lipofuscin-like pigments (LLPs) has been shown to be an appropriate index of both age and stress in some aquatic invertebrates. In the present study, LLP was quantified by measuring its autofluorescence intensity (ex 450 nm/em 512 nm) in nutritive phagocytes (NPs) of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius inhabiting polluted and relatively clean areas of Japan Sea. To avoid variations in LLP content related to sea urchin reproductive condition, only developing gonads with acini occupied mostly by NPs were used for LLP quantification as well as semiquantitative histopathological analysis. LLP concentrations ranged from 0.0 to 4.57 ± 0.53% area fraction in female gonads and from 0.0 to 4.61 ± 0.35% in male gonads. The presence of specimens with extremely high LLP concentrations (>1.5%) in all examined samples, including specimens from the reference station, as well as the absence of strong correlations between LLP concentrations and several parameters related to pollution (heavy-metal concentrations in sea urchin gonads and concentrations of heavy metals, DDT, hexachlorocyclohexane, and total petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments), allow us to conclude that LLP content in sea urchin NPs can not be used as a biomarker in marine pollution monitoring.

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“…Echinoderms ("spiny skin" in Greek: including starfish, brittle stars, crinoids, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers) are radially symmetrical invertebrates that are only found in the sea (372)(373)(374). More than 6,500 species have been recorded in the phylum Echinodermata.…”

Section: Starfish and Other Echinodermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticancer activity of natural and synthetic acetylenic lipids

Dembitsky¹

2006

Lipids

129

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This review is a comprehensive survey of acetylenic lipids and their derivatives, obtained from living organisms, that have anticancer activity. Acetylenic metabolites belong to a class of molecules containing triple bond(s). They are found in plants, fungi, microorganisms, and marine invertebrates. Although acetylenes are common as components of terrestrial plants, fungi, and bacteria, it is only within the last 30 years that biologically active polyacetylenes having unusual structural features have been reported from plants, cyanobacteria, algae, invertebrates, and other sources. Naturally occurring aquatic acetylenes are of particular interest since many of them display important biological activities and possess antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifouling, antifungal, pesticidal, phototoxic, HIV-inhibitory, and immunosuppressive properties. There is no doubt that they are of great interest, especially for the medicinal and/or pharmaceutical industries. This review presents structures and describes cytotoxic and anticancer activities only for more than 300 acetylenic lipids and their derivatives isolated from living organisms.

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A review of echinoderm oogenesis

Cited by 44 publications

References 155 publications

Gonad-stimulating substance-like molecule from the radial nerve of the sea cucumber

Gonad-stimulating substance-like molecule from the radial nerve of the sea cucumber

Lipofuscin-Like Pigment in Gonads of Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius as a Potential Biomarker of Marine Pollution: A Field Study

Anticancer activity of natural and synthetic acetylenic lipids

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