A Review of Edible Jujube, the Ziziphus jujuba Fruit: A Heath Food Supplement for Anemia Prevalence

Chen, Jianping; Tsim, Karl Wah-Keung

doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.593655

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Recent pharmaceutic and pharmacodynamics investigations have shown that flavonoids and polysaccharides are major contributors to the antioxidative efficacy of jujube [16][17][18]. In addition, these polysaccharides in jujube are beneficial to human health because of their immuno-modulatory and hematopoietic efficacies [19,20]. Furthermore, the triterpenic acids present in jujube are the main ingredients responsible for their anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Jujubosides on 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH Cells

Chen

Hsu

et al. 2022

Molecules

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6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is used to induce oxidative damage in neuronal cells, which can serve as an experimental model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Jujuboside A and B confer free radical scavenging effects but have never been examined for their neuroprotective effects, especially in PD; therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of jujubosides as protectors of neurons against 6-OHDA and the underlying mechanisms. 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in the human neuronal cell lines SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH, was used to evaluate the protective effects of jujubosides. These findings indicated that jujuboside A and B were both capable of rescuing the 6-OHDA-induced loss of cell viability, activation of apoptosis, elevation of reactive oxygen species, and downregulation of the expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In addition, jujuboside A and B can reverse a 6-OHDA-elevated Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, downregulate phosphorylated PI3K and AKT, and activate caspase-3, -7, and -9. These findings showed that jujubosides were capable of protecting both SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH neuronal cells from 6-OHDA-induced toxicity via the rebalancing of the redox system, together with the resetting of the PI3K/AKT apoptotic signaling cascade. In conclusion, jujuboside may be a potential drug for PD prevention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Jujubosides on 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH Cells

Chen

Hsu

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…inermis (Bunge) Rehder, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities. Besides, cAMP was found to be abundant in Jujube seed [ 32 ], and Moon et al [ 14 ] determined that spinosin from the seed of Z . jujuba prevents skin pigmentation by inhibiting tyrosinase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoid Glycosides from Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis

Molagoda

Lee

Athapaththu

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Ziziphus jujuba extracts possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer activities in melanoma cancers. Nevertheless, the compounds contain high antioxidant capacities and anticancer activities in melanoma cells, shown to be effective in hyperpigmentation disorders, but whether flavonoid glycosides from Z. jujuba regulate anti-melanogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the anti-melanogenic activity of five flavonoid glycosides from Z. jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder seeds, including jujuboside A (JUA), jujuboside B (JUB), epiceanothic acid (EPA), betulin (BTL), and 6’’’-feruloylspinosin (FRS), in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae. According to our results, JUB, EPA, and FRS potently inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis and prevented hyperpigmentation in zebrafish larvae. In particular, under α-MSH-stimulated conditions, FRS most significantly inhibited α-MSH-induced intracellular and extracellular melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, JUB, EPS, and FRS remarkably downregulated melanogenesis in α-MSH-treated zebrafish larvae, with no significant change in heart rate. Neither JUA nor BTA were effective in downregulating melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells and zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, JUB, EPA, and FRS directly inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase enzyme activity. JUB, EPA, and FRS also downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and subsequent microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase expression. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that JUB, EPA, and FRS isolated from Z. jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder seeds exhibit potent anti-melanogenic properties by inhibition of the cAMP-CERB-MITF axis and consequent tyrosinase activity.

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“…It has also been used as a traditional herbal medicine for thousands of years. According to the earliest Chinese medical monograph, Shennong Ben Cao Jing (300 BC−200 AD), JF was considered one of the excellent herbal medicines ( Chen and Tsim, 2020 ). TCM believes that JF has the effect of reinforcing spleen and stomach, and is commonly used for the treatment of anorexia, fatigue and loose stools related to deficiency syndromes of the spleen and of hysteria in woman ( Gao et al., 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the Reinforcing Spleen Effect of Jujube Fruits Based on Metabolomics and Intestinal Flora Analysis

Yi¹,

Li²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit (JF) is widely consumed as food in Asian countries due to its potential effects for human health. As a traditional Chinese medicine, JF is often used to treat anorexia, fatigue and loose stools caused by spleen deficiency syndromes in China, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, a rat model of spleen deficiency syndromes was adopted to investigate the therapeutic effect of JF extract and its possible mechanism by metabolomics analyses of plasma and urine as well as the intestinal flora analysis. The results showed that the changes in plasma and urine metabolites caused by spleen deficiency were reversed after administration of JF, and these changed endogenous metabolites were mainly involved in retinol metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, nicotinate and niacinamide metabolism pathways. The 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that JF could regulate intestinal flora imbalance caused by spleen deficiency. The covariance analysis of intestinal flora structure and metabolome indicated that Aerococcus may be a candidate strain for predicting and treating the metabolic pathways of spleen deficiency and related disorders. In summary, it can be revealed that spleen deficiency, which alters metabolic profiles and the intestinal flora, could be alleviated effectively by JF extract.

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A Review of Edible Jujube, the Ziziphus jujuba Fruit: A Heath Food Supplement for Anemia Prevalence

Cited by 50 publications

References 73 publications

Protective Effects of Jujubosides on 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH Cells

Protective Effects of Jujubosides on 6-OHDA-Induced Neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH Cells

Flavonoid Glycosides from Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis

Elucidation of the Reinforcing Spleen Effect of Jujube Fruits Based on Metabolomics and Intestinal Flora Analysis

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