A review of effective strides in amelioration of the biocompatibility of PEO coatings on Mg alloys

Fattah‐alhosseini, Arash; Chaharmahali, Razieh; Babaei, Kazem; Nouri, Meisam; Keshavarz, Mohsen K.; Kaseem, Mosab

doi:10.1016/j.jma.2022.09.002

Cited by 69 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 289 publications

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“…The salt solution chosen for anodization was designed to ensure biocompatibility with nerve regeneration. Phosphorous has been studied for PEO coatings, where it is readily converted into a calcium phosphate complex, which has been shown to improve cell attachment as well as improve the corrosion resistance of Mg [ 14 , 32 ]. Thus, an electrolyte solution containing phosphorous was used to PEO coat pure Mg.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, neurotoxicity was seen with nanoparticles of Al, Cu, and Ag [ 49 ]. We also avoided Si and F as electrolytes because, even though studies have shown promising effects with cultured cells of PEO coatings including Si and F, no studies have explored neurotoxic effects, especially with delicate regenerating nerve tissues [ 14 ]. Even if Si and F did not have ill effects in vivo, they could be bioactive and have complicating factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEO is an anodization method performed at voltages higher than the dielectric breakdown of the oxide layer that is formed on the metal surface. The high temperatures (30,000 °F) and sparking phenomena that develop cause the surface metal to partially melt and react with the oxygen that is present to create a porous, irregular surface that is a well-adhered ceramic oxide coating that forms a barrier layer due to the reaction between Mg 2+ and anions in the solution [ 14 , 32 , 50 ]. The final thickness of the coating is dependent on the relative rates of anodic dissolution and film formation, which occur simultaneously.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many methods are used to reduce the corrosion rate of soft metals, and many have been tested with Mg [ 13 , 14 ]. Of these, microarc oxidation (MAO), which is also known as plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), is one of the most promising, as this produces a protective oxide layer that slows the rate of corrosion attack during the initial implantation period and therefore would reduce hydrogen evolution and the rise in pH [ 14 ]. PEO is a process commonly used to protect soft metals and involves a high-voltage plasma-assisted anodic oxidation where the plasma discharges created during the process cause partial short-term melting of the oxide layer and lead to the formation of a highly adherent ceramic oxide coating [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Altering Magnesium Metal Surfaces on Degradation In Vitro and In Vivo during Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

et al. 2023

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In vivo use of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) metal can be plagued by too rapid a degradation rate that removes metal support before physiological function is repaired. To advance the use of Mg biomedical implants, the degradation rate may need to be adjusted. We previously demonstrated that pure Mg filaments used in a nerve repair scaffold were compatible with regenerating peripheral nerve tissues, reduced inflammation, and improved axonal numbers across a short—but not long—gap in sciatic nerves in rats. To determine if the repair of longer gaps would be improved by a slower Mg degradation rate, we tested, in vitro and in vivo, the effects of Mg filament polishing followed by anodization using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) with non-toxic electrolytes. Polishing removed oxidation products from the surface of as-received (unpolished) filaments, exposed more Mg on the surface, produced a smoother surface, slowed in vitro Mg degradation over four weeks after immersion in a physiological solution, and improved attachment of cultured epithelial cells. In vivo, treated Mg filaments were used to repair longer (15 mm) injury gaps in adult rat sciatic nerves after placement inside hollow poly (caprolactone) nerve conduits. The addition of single Mg or control titanium filaments was compared to empty conduits (negative control) and isografts (nerves from donor rats, positive control). After six weeks in vivo, live animal imaging with micro computed tomography (micro-CT) showed that Mg metal degradation rates were slowed by polishing vs. as-received Mg, but not by anodization, which introduced greater variability. After 14 weeks in vivo, functional return was seen only with isograft controls. However, within Mg filament groups, the amount of axonal growth across the injury site was improved with slower Mg degradation rates. Thus, anodization slowed degradation in vitro but not in vivo, and degradation rates do affect nerve regeneration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Altering Magnesium Metal Surfaces on Degradation In Vitro and In Vivo during Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

et al. 2023

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Multifunctional Coatings on Mg‐Based Metallic Biomaterials and Implants

Li,

Kong,

Zhang

2024

Adv Eng Mater

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Multifunctional materials are propitious materials with numerous functionalities that make them an ideal option for implants and biomedical applications that should simultaneously fulfill various requirements, including satisfactory mechanical strength, biocompatibility, antibacterial property, hydrophilicity, drug delivery, etc. Magnesium, as a metallic biomaterial, fulfills the required mechanical properties, but unfortunately, in some ways alone, it cannot provide the required biological properties. For instance, Mg alloys suffer from poor corrosion resistance and high biodegradability, which should be carefully controlled. On the other hand, multifunctional materials alone are not able to provide the required properties in biomedical applications because the vast majority of them do not have the necessary strength and stability. Therefore, the use of magnesium together with multifunctional or composite coatings will be a very advantageous choice for meeting the needs of implants and biomedical materials. The current study focuses on the introduction and utilization of various multifunctional coatings and composites on Mg‐based alloys for biomedical applications. Numerous organic and inorganic materials could be utilized as composites or multifunctional materials, such as polymers, hydroxyapatites, hydrogels, calcium phosphates, alginates, hyaluronic acids, chitosan, etc. In this regard, numerous types of coating and composite materials, their production technologies, mechanisms, resultant properties, and the involved parameters are thoroughly discussed to provide a comprehensive guide for those interested in this field. It is hoped that this study will pave the way for the production of advanced and smart multifunctional materials with unique properties and play a role in the design of a new generation of Mg‐based biomedical materials.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Intelligent Information-Measurement System for Measuring the Parameters of Oxide Coatings in the Process of Microarc Oxidation

Pecherskaya,

Golubkov,

Novichkov

et al. 2023

Meas Tech

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A review of effective strides in amelioration of the biocompatibility of PEO coatings on Mg alloys

Cited by 69 publications

References 289 publications

Effects of Altering Magnesium Metal Surfaces on Degradation In Vitro and In Vivo during Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Effects of Altering Magnesium Metal Surfaces on Degradation In Vitro and In Vivo during Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Multifunctional Coatings on Mg‐Based Metallic Biomaterials and Implants

Intelligent Information-Measurement System for Measuring the Parameters of Oxide Coatings in the Process of Microarc Oxidation

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