A Review of Elastic–Plastic Contact Mechanics

Ghaednia, Hamid; Wang, Xianzhang; Saha, Swarna; Xu, Yang; Sharma, Aman; Jackson, Robert L.

doi:10.1115/1.4038187

Cited by 220 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 260 publications

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“…In fact, it has been shown [26] that if the critical value of the indentation depth (also denoted interference or penetration) at the initiation of plasticity is denoted by δ c , then the fully plastic contact will not occur until δ > 110δ c . The fully plastic regime is reached when plastic deformation has completely engulfed the contact area at high loads, and where the pressure in the contact region is given by the material penetration hardness [27].…”

Section: Macroscopic Deformations and Surface Curvaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Mechanics for Solids with Randomly Rough Surfaces and Plasticity

Tiwari¹,

Wang

Müser

et al. 2019

Lubricants

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We present experimental results for the elastic and plastic deformation of sandblasted polymer balls resulting from contacts with flat smooth steel and silica glass surfaces. Nearly symmetric, Gaussian-like height probability distributions were observed experimentally before and remarkably, also after the polymer balls were deformed plastically. For all the polymers studied we find that the surface roughness power spectra for large wavenumbers (short length scales) are nearly unchanged after squeezing the polymer balls against flat surfaces. We attribute this to non-uniform plastic flow processes at the micrometer length scale. The experimental data are analyzed using the Persson contact mechanics theory with plasticity and with finite-element method (FEM) calculations.

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Section: Macroscopic Deformations and Surface Curvaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Mechanics for Solids with Randomly Rough Surfaces and Plasticity

Tiwari¹,

Wang

Müser

et al. 2019

Lubricants

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“…With the development of depth-sensing indentation technique, nanoindentation tests are widely conducted to extract the mechanical properties of materials, such as elastic modulus and indentation hardness [1][2][3][4]. In this technique, the hardness is usually defined as the indentation load divided by the projected contact area [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size-dependent yield hardness induced by surface energy

Ding

Wang

2020

Extreme Mechanics Letters

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Size dependent hardness has long been reported in nanosized indentations, however the corresponding explanation is still in exploration. In this paper, we examine the influence of surface energy on the hardness of materials under spherical indentation.To evaluate the ability of materials to resist indentation, a yield hardness is defined here as the contact pressure at the inception of material yield. It is found that this defined hardness is an intrinsic material property depending only on the yield strength and Poisson's ratio in conventional continuum mechanics. Then, the impact of surface energy on the yield hardness is analyzed through finite element simulations. By using the dimensional analysis, the dependences of the yield hardness and critical indent depth at yield initiation on surface energy have been achieved. When the yield strength is comparable to the ratio of surface energy density to indenter radius, surface energy will alter the yield hardness and the critical indent depth. As the size of indenter decreases to nanoscale, both the yield hardness and the indent depth will increase significantly. This study provides a possible clarification to the size dependence of hardness and a potential approach to measure the yield strength and surface energy of solids through nanosized indentations.

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“…Elastic-plastic statistical contact models were developed on the basis of theoretical consideration [2,3] or the finite elements method (FEM) [4][5][6][7]. In these approaches, the single asperity contact models are incorporated into rough surface contact [8]. It is believed that numerical methods [9,10] are better than statistical ones for modeling the contact between rough surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Isotropic One-Process and Two-Process Surface Textures on the Contact of Flat Surfaces

2019

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The contact of random modeled one-and two-process textures with smooth, flat surfaces is discussed in this paper. An elastic-plastic contact model was applied, assuming a distributed radius of summits. A one-process surface was characterized by the standard deviations of height and the correlation length; however, it also had a two-process texture by the standard deviations of the plateau and valley structures, the material ratio at the transition point, and the correlation lengths of the plateau and valley parts. It was found that the contact characteristics depended on the height and spatial properties of the surface texture. The plateau part governs the contact characteristics of two-process surfaces, while the effect of the valley surface portion is smaller. The plastic deformation leads to a smaller effect of the surface texture on the contact characteristics. elastic deformation, but an increase in the correlation length led to a decrease in the maximum contact pressure. It was found [15] that an increase in the plasticity index due to the change in the surface topography of Gaussian ordinate distribution led to increases in the contact area and the contact load for the same separation. The authors of paper [16] analyzed the effect of the correlation length on the real area of contact. It was found that a higher correlation length corresponded to a higher number of contact points and therefore a larger contact area for the same separation based on surface heights.Typically, the contact of surfaces of Gaussian ordinate distribution was analyzed. In Reference [17], the contact of surfaces of different ordinate distribution (the skewness Ssk was in the range from −2 to +2) was studied. It was found that skewness affected the contact load and the contact area. A separation based on asperity heights for the same load or the same contact area is lower for more negative skewness for the same standard deviation of surface height. For surfaces of asymmetric ordinate distribution, similar to Gaussian topographies, the contact load is proportional to the contact area, except for very large loads. Jang and Peng [18] found that the contact of anisotropic surfaces of negative skewness was more elastic than that of surfaces of Gaussian ordinate distribution and the same standard deviation of surface height. A similar tendency was confirmed for isotropic surfaces, considering the asperities' interaction [19].The obtained findings were confirmed experimentally only for the effect of surface height on the rough surface contact; when the roughness height was higher, the deformations were bigger [20,21].The functional properties of two-process surfaces can be better than those of one-process textures [22][23][24][25]. Two-process surfaces can be machined or formed during wear. Only a few publications about the contact of two-process surfaces have been presented so far [26][27][28]. Greenwood and Williamson [1] thought that two-process worn surfaces were characterized by the Gaussian distribution of heights of summits from the ...

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A Review of Elastic–Plastic Contact Mechanics

Cited by 220 publications

References 260 publications

Contact Mechanics for Solids with Randomly Rough Surfaces and Plasticity

Contact Mechanics for Solids with Randomly Rough Surfaces and Plasticity

Size-dependent yield hardness induced by surface energy

The Effect of Isotropic One-Process and Two-Process Surface Textures on the Contact of Flat Surfaces

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