A Review of Empirical Evidence on Gender Differences in Nonland Agricultural Inputs, Technology, and Services in Developing Countries

Peterman, Amber; Behrman, Julia A.; Quisumbing, Agnes R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-8616-4_7

Cited by 262 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Female managed plots are less likely to receive any of the three SLM practices while number of adult males increases the likelihood of using manure and fertilizer. These results are consistent with other studies which have shown that women-operated plots are less likely to use improved land management practices due to the resource constraints they face (Peterman et al 2014).…”

Section: Drivers Of Adoption Of Sustainable Land Management Practicessupporting

confidence: 92%

Cost, Drivers and Action Against Land Degradation in Senegal

Sow¹,

Nkonya

Meyer

et al. 2015

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development

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Senegal is facing a major land degradation challenge that poses threat to livelihoods of the rural poor. This study was done to inform policy makers on the cost of inaction and the costs and benefits of taking action against land degradation. The study shows that the annual cost of land degradation on rice, millet and maize -which account for 45 % of cropland area-is US$103 million, or 2 % of the country's GDP. The on-farm cost of grazing land degradation is about US$9 million or 0.1 % of the GDP. The low cost of grazing degradation is a reflection of the low livestock productivity. The cost of land degradation due to Land Use/Cover Change (LUCC) is about US$0.412 billion or about 4 % of the GDP. This shows that LUCC accounts for the largest cost of land degradation. The marginal rate of return to investment in restoration of degraded lands is greater than 4-suggesting high returns to taking action against land degradation. Action against land degradation will have far-reaching benefits for the rural poor who heavily depend on natural resources. Senegal has great potential for successfully addressing land degradation. For example, the large number of agricultural extension agents from public and private providers, promoting Integrated Soil Fertility Management (ISFM) practices, Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) and strengthening public-private partnership could help increase adoption of sustainable land management (SLM) practices. The Dankou Classified Forest investment in awareness creation of ecosystem services led to effective participation of the communities and their participation in protecting it. This demonstrates that awareness creation is a key strategy for ensuring community involvement in protecting natural resources.

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Section: Drivers Of Adoption Of Sustainable Land Management Practicessupporting

confidence: 92%

Cost, Drivers and Action Against Land Degradation in Senegal

Sow¹,

Nkonya

Meyer

et al. 2015

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development

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“…This is consistent with past studies showing favorable impact of male labor on adoption of purchased inputs (e.g. see Peterman et al 2014). Consistent with Nkonya et al (2008) and Kaizzi (2002), farmers are more likely to use organic soil fertility management practices and less likely to apply inorganic fertilizer on sandy soils.…”

Section: Drivers Of Adoption Rate Of Slm Practices On Croplandsupporting

confidence: 91%

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement in Niger

Moussa

Nkonya

Meyer

et al. 2015

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement – A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development

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Niger's colonial and post-independence natural resource management policies contributed to land degradation. The country also experienced a prolonged drought that amplified the suffering of the people who are heavily dependent on natural resources. The country learnt hard lessons from its past mistakes and changed its policies and strategies. This study shows a strong association of the policy changes and improved human welfare demonstrating that even poor countries could achieve sustainable development. Enhancing government effectiveness by giving communities mandate to manage natural resources and by giving incentives to land users to benefit from their investment played a key role in realizing simultaneous improvement in land management and human welfare in Niger. Given these achievements, Niger was picked as a case study to showcase its achievement and what other countries could learn from the country's mistakes and achievements. The analytical approach used focuses on estimation of cost of land degradation, ground-truthing of satellite data and drivers of adoption of sustainable land management practices. Land use/cover change (LUCC) analysis shows that a total of 6.12 million ha experienced LUCC and shrublands and grassland accounted for the largest change. Excluding the desert, 19 % of the land area experienced LUCC. Cropland expansion accounted for about 57 % of deforestation followed by grassland expansion. The cost of land degradation due to LUCC is about 2007 US$0.75 billion, which is 11 % of the 2007 GDP of US$6.773 billion and 1 % of the 2001 value of ecosystem services (ES) in Niger. Every US dollar invested in taking action returns about $6-a level that is quite attractive. Ground-truthing showed high level of agreement between satellite data and communities perception on degraded lands but poor agreement in areas for which satellite data showed land improvement. Communities also reported that tree planting and protection were the most common actions against land degradation. Tree planting was done mainly on bare lands to fix sand dunes. In summary, this study shows that severe land degradation and the consequent negative impacts on human welfare is a low-hanging fruit that needs to be utilized by countries as they address land degradation. This implies that instead of abandoning severely degraded lands, strategies should be used to rehabilitate such lands using low-cost organic soil fertility management practices and progressively followed by using high cost inputs as soil fertility improves. Improvement of access to rural services and facilitation of non-farm activities will also lead to faster and greater impacts on adoption of SLM practices and increasing resilience to agricultural production shocks in Niger. As Niger continues to improve sustainable land management, it faces daunting challenges to alleviate the high cost of land degradation. Niger serves as a success story to the world in addressing land degradation. Both the national and international communities need to learn from ...

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“…A suitable attention should be dedicated to the active and actual participation of women in the management committees of farmer organizations, in technical training and in water management associations. Real participation allows for dealing with the fair access of women farmers to the extension services for agriculture [86,87]. In addition, "an effective participation of women within technical and agricultural projects can strengthen both their position and decision power within households and farmer and/or water management organizations, as well as improve the women's compliance with rules and maintenance problems" [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Gender Indicators in Agriculture: A Study of Horticultural Farmer Organizations in Senegal

Centrone

Mosso

Busato

et al. 2017

Water

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This paper intends to contribute to the debate on gender equality and water within the Sustainable Development Goals SDGs 5 and 6. Farmers organizations are often considered key stakeholders whose participation should be fostered to achieve a good water governance in agriculture and irrigation programs. Nonetheless, many water management interventions tackle participation as an instrumental and formal process. A common assumption is that granting sufficient space for women in water management will automatically ensure a greater gender empowerment. Nevertheless, often low importance is given to assessing who really actively participates and benefits from water development projects, favoring the technical aspects. This paper addresses the articulation between gender, water management and indicators, using male, female and mixed farmer organizations as touchstones in three regions of Senegal. The authors defines a system of water gender indicators grouped into five sections. The first results show more similarities between mixed and female organizations, while the main gender inequalities are visible in the water technique and economic domains. Thanks to this study, we can see how a gender-based analysis may allow to more deeply understand some more or less "hidden" water governance mechanisms and their related implications in terms of project management and policy making.

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A Review of Empirical Evidence on Gender Differences in Nonland Agricultural Inputs, Technology, and Services in Developing Countries

Cited by 262 publications

References 45 publications

Cost, Drivers and Action Against Land Degradation in Senegal

Cost, Drivers and Action Against Land Degradation in Senegal

Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement in Niger

Water Gender Indicators in Agriculture: A Study of Horticultural Farmer Organizations in Senegal

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