2020
DOI: 10.3390/s20195595
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A Review of Endogenous and Exogenous Contrast Agents Used in Photoacoustic Tomography with Different Sensing Configurations

Abstract: Optical-based sensing approaches have long been an indispensable way to detect molecules in biological tissues for various biomedical research and applications. The advancement in optical microscopy is one of the main drivers for discoveries and innovations in both life science and biomedical imaging. However, the shallow imaging depth due to the use of ballistic photons fundamentally limits optical imaging approaches’ translational potential to a clinical setting. Photoacoustic (PA) tomography (PAT) is a rapi… Show more

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Cited by 42 publications
(60 citation statements)
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References 155 publications
(219 reference statements)
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“…PAI has numerous advantages including a high spatial resolution, strong contrast, noninvasiveness, real-time imaging, low cost, and the ability for both endogenous and exogenous imaging, which has attracted wide attention for applications involving the imaging of biological tissues [44]. However, the low laser absorption of the endogenous chromophore leads to a weak signal, which is a major obstacle for deep tissue imaging [81]. Choosing a good NIR-absorbing photoacoustic imaging contrast agent (PAICA) is a necessary condition to ensure the high-quality imaging of biological tissues.…”
Section: Photoacoustic Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PAI has numerous advantages including a high spatial resolution, strong contrast, noninvasiveness, real-time imaging, low cost, and the ability for both endogenous and exogenous imaging, which has attracted wide attention for applications involving the imaging of biological tissues [44]. However, the low laser absorption of the endogenous chromophore leads to a weak signal, which is a major obstacle for deep tissue imaging [81]. Choosing a good NIR-absorbing photoacoustic imaging contrast agent (PAICA) is a necessary condition to ensure the high-quality imaging of biological tissues.…”
Section: Photoacoustic Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4). To promote the LD-based PAM system with more applications, a ring-shaped ultrasonic transducer [17] or other optically transparent ultrasonic transducers [18] can be used to develop a reflection-mode LD-based PAM system. Third, the size of the pulse driver can be further minimized to make the system more compact.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… 120 Contrast agents are sometimes used to enhance molecular specificity. 148 , 149 To date, only one oncolytic virus has been used for PAI, the previously described vaccinia virus expressing Tyr and Tyrp1, which facilitates melanin production ( Figure 4 D). 112 , 113 Melanin is an ideal contrast agent for PAI, as well as MRI, and overexpression in tumors permitted PAI in an animal model.…”
Section: Optical Imagingmentioning
confidence: 99%