A review of equalization strategies for series battery packs: variables, objectives, and algorithms

Feng, Fei; Hu, Xiaosong; Liu, Jianfei; Lin, Xianke; Liu, Bo

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109464

Cited by 142 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Various researches for equalization strategies are carried out to explore. 123 Equalization variables and equalization control algorithms are the main contents of the equalization strategies, and the overall profile is summarized in Figure 14.…”

Section: Equalization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

et al. 2020

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The rapid growth of transportation demand has been enlarged strongly which has promoted electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries. However, the inconsistencies within the battery pack will deteriorate over the lifecycle and affect the performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, various thermal management systems and equalization systems have been applied in battery management system to deal with the inconsistencies, extend battery service life, and improve safety performance. This review summarizes the origination of inconsistency within lithium-ion batteries from production to usage process, and then introduces the classification methods and application scenarios of the balance management system in detail. Based on the circuit topology, equalization systems can be classified into passive and active topologies. Active topologies

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Section: Equalization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

et al. 2020

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“…To address the inconsistency in battery systems that have a fixed configuration, charge balancing circuits and cooling devices have to be added to the BMS [15]- [17]. Fortunately, through system reconfiguration, the battery charge equalization process can be substantially expedited.…”

Section: Charge and Temperature Balancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Battery Management Systems: Dynamic Reconfiguration

Han

Wik

Kersten

et al. 2020

EEE Ind. Electron. Mag.

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“…1. Therefore, the CiS method can also applied to track the evolution of cell variations, and provides the basic information for cell equalization algorithm 41 .…”

Section: Comparison Of Cis and State-of-art Test For This Test 80 Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile Approach to High Precision Detection of Cell-to-Cell Variation for Li-ion Batteries

Xie

Ren

Wang

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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over the past decade, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that homogeneity in electrochemical performance of lithium-ion cells plays a major role in determining the life and safety of lithium-ion battery modules or packs. Generally, the homogeneity of a battery pack is evaluated by characterizing the cells individually in terms of capacity, mass, impedance. particularly, high quality electrochemical data heavily relies on the availability of high precision current source to minimize the discrepancy induced by the channel-to-channel variation. Here, a facile and precise measurement method is reported for screening cell-to-cell variations, in which voltage is the only indicator parameter independent of high precision current source. in detail, by connecting the cells in series (ciS), the measurement error of electrochemical data caused by stability and discrepancy of current sources among different charge/discharge equipment can be effectively avoided. The findings of this work showed that the cell-to-cell variations can be simply and sensitively detected with CiS configuration. for example, the relative standard deviation, which is the evaluation criterion of battery homogeneity, was 2.14% based on CiS while it was 0.43% based on individual measurements. The simple and precise ciS measurement is promising for evaluation of cell quality or module integration quality. in addition, this work can also provide a solid foundation for the development of detection algorithms for battery management systems to rapidly monitor battery homogeneity.Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) have to be integrated into modules and packs for large-scale applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) and stationary energy storage systems 1-7 . However, a reliable and long-lasting power system is determined mostly by the cell homogeneity rather than the performance of individual cells 8,9 . The cell-to-cell variations in terms of capacity and impedance will subject individual cells to different levels of state of charge (SOC), current, temperature and aging, which in turn would accelerate the degradation of electrochemical performance or even lead to safety performance of the power system 2,10-13 . For instance, a weak cell with a smaller capacity than the average in a series-connected module will be repeatedly overcharged (over-discharged) during charging (discharging) process if the charge/discharge cutoff condition is determined according to the total voltage 14 . The weaker cell will then have faster decay than others and will be susceptible to failure under harsh conditions. The available energy of the module will also be limited by the weakest cell 15 . Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand and minimize the cell-to-cell variations in a battery module.There are different factors leading to variations among cells 11 , including manufacturing factors (manufacturing tolerances, quality control and process design), and environmental factors such as temperature gradient within the battery pack 16 . Rumpf et al. 12 has evaluated the cel...

show abstract

A review of equalization strategies for series battery packs: variables, objectives, and algorithms

Cited by 142 publications

References 76 publications

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

Next-Generation Battery Management Systems: Dynamic Reconfiguration

A Facile Approach to High Precision Detection of Cell-to-Cell Variation for Li-ion Batteries

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