A Review of External Pressure Testing Techniques for Shells including a Novel Volume-Control Method

MacKay, John R.; Keulen, Fred van

doi:10.1007/s11340-009-9272-3

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This behavior can be attributable to the fact pointed out in Ref. [3] that, in most of the well-fabricated specimens with small out-of-roundness, the onset of buckling brings out all the lobes and represents therefore complete buckling. It may also be thanks to the special boundary condition of the conical part which allows the end of the frusta to deform circumferentially during the load application or end rotational condition of the whole models.…”

Section: Buckling and Failure Behaviormentioning

confidence: 80%

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Experiments on conical shell reducers under uniform external pressure

Ghazijahani

Showkati

2011

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

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Section: Buckling and Failure Behaviormentioning

confidence: 80%

“…A new "volume-control" pressure testing technique was introduced by MacKay and Keulen [3] on the shells under external pressure. Using this testing apparatus leads to prevention of catastrophic failure of shell specimens and better control of deformations mostly near the critical load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiments on conical shell reducers under uniform external pressure

Ghazijahani

Showkati

2011

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

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“…In [16], the volume-control method was shown to give better control of post-collapse deformations than conventional airbacked pressure testing. The average loading rate at the start of each experiment was approximately 3 MPa/min.…”

Section: Pressure Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sensitivity of Overall Collapse of Damaged Submarine Pressure Hulls to Material Strength

MacKay

Keulen

2013

Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering

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Budget and schedule restrictions sometimes require naval submarines to be operated with unrepaired corrosion damage to the pressure hull. It is important to understand the effects of corrosion wastage on the structural capacity of the hull, so that appropriate diving depth restrictions can be imposed if necessary. The current paper presents an experimental study of the interaction of material behavior with corrosion defects, especially with respect to their effect on overall elasto-plastic collapse of pressure hulls. Twenty ring-stiffened cylinders, representative of submarine pressure hulls failing by overall collapse, were machined ffom high-and low-grade aluminum alloy tubes. Artificial general corrosion damage was introduced in selected specimens by machining away material from the outside of the cylinder shell in rectangular patches of uniform depth. The cylinders were monotonically loaded to collapse under external hydrostatic pressure. One corroded cylinder was repeatedly loaded past the yield limit before the collapse test in order to study the effect of cyclic plastic loading on its ultimate collapse strength. Overall collapse pressures for corroded cylinders with a variety of patch sizes and depths and material strengths were reduced by, on average, 0.85 times the depth of thinning divided by the original shell thickness. The collapse strength of corroded cylinders was found to be more sensitive to the shape of the stress-strain curve than for intact specimens. Higher levels of strain hardening and ductility were found to improve the performance of damaged cylinders. Permanent deformations in the cyclically loaded cylinder, as measured with strain gauges, grew with each constant-amplitude load cycle; however, the additional deformations tended towards zero with increasing number of cycles, and a subsequent collapse test indicated that the cyclic loading did not affect the collapse pressure. The sensitivity of overall collapse to material strength is related to not only the yield stress, but also the plastic reserve of the material; higher levels of strain hardening and ductility increase overall collapse strength of hulls, especially those with general corrosion damage. The effect of a given level of corrosion thinning is less severe for cylinders with relatively greater levels of strain hardening. It is unlikely that cyclic plastic loading of corroded hulls will lead to premature collapse at a load level below the monotonie collapse pressure.

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“…[26]. Testing methods, for example, have improved and they have been more focused [27][28][29][30]. It is true to say that buckling experiments are now better instrumented than in the past; for example, in Refs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is true to say that buckling experiments are now better instrumented than in the past; for example, in Refs. [27,28,[30][31][32][33]. Equally, more rigorous computational models have been developed, e.g., Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Perspective on the Buckling of Pressure Vessel Components

Błachut

2013

Applied Mechanics Reviews

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This review aims to complement a milestone monograph by Singer et al. (2002, Buckling Experiments-Experimental Methods in Buckling of Thin-Walled Structures, Wiley, New York). Practical aspects of load bearing capacity are discussed under the general umbrella of "buckling." Plastic loads and burst pressures are included in addition to bifurcation and snap-through/collapse. The review concentrates on single and combined static stability of conical shells, cylinders, and their bowed out counterpart (axial compression and/or external pressure). Closed toroidal shells and domed ends onto pressure vessels subjected to internal and/or external pressures are also discussed. Domed ends include: torispheres, toricones, spherical caps, hemispheres, and ellipsoids. Most experiments have been carried in metals (mild steel, stainless steel, aluminum); however, details about hybrids (copper-steel-copper) and shells manufactured from carbon/glass fibers are included in the review. The existing concerns about geometric imperfections, uneven wall thickness, and influence of boundary conditions feature in reviewed research. They are supplemented by topics like imperfections in axial length of cylinders, imperfect load application, or erosion of the wall thickness. The latter topic tends to be more and more relevant due to ageing of vessels. While most experimentation has taken place on laboratory models, a small number of tests on full-scale models are also referenced.

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A Review of External Pressure Testing Techniques for Shells including a Novel Volume-Control Method

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Experiments on conical shell reducers under uniform external pressure

Experiments on conical shell reducers under uniform external pressure

The Sensitivity of Overall Collapse of Damaged Submarine Pressure Hulls to Material Strength

Experimental Perspective on the Buckling of Pressure Vessel Components

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