A review of free piston engine control literature—Taxonomy and techniques

Raheem, Ahmed T.; Aziz, A. Rashid A.; Zulkifli, Saiful A.; Rahem, Abdalrazak Tareq; Ayandotun, Wasiu B.

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2022.01.027

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…Figure 6 features the main configurations of FPE that include single and multiple piston arrangements and various methods or synchronisation and rebound devices. One of the best applications for such an engine would be in a LEM, since it would offer the minimal number of moving parts to generate electricity by means of internal combustion (Raheem et al 2022;Raide et al 2017). Simple and compact generator with FPE technology could be fitted to future hybrid vehicles or be used on portable equipment like generators, compressors or pumps (Feng et al 2021;Guo et al 2021;Raheem et al 2022).…”

Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the best applications for such an engine would be in a LEM, since it would offer the minimal number of moving parts to generate electricity by means of internal combustion (Raheem et al 2022;Raide et al 2017). Simple and compact generator with FPE technology could be fitted to future hybrid vehicles or be used on portable equipment like generators, compressors or pumps (Feng et al 2021;Guo et al 2021;Raheem et al 2022). The FPE is a very versatile machine that has been adopted to operate under various combustion strategies in addition to traditional spark or CI.…”

Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FPE is a very versatile machine that has been adopted to operate under various combustion strategies in addition to traditional spark or CI. The ability to alter the CR continuously also allows for different fuels to be used to power the engine (Li et al 2021;Raheem et al 2022).…”

Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, cold starts can bring up problems when certain conditions are not met for optimum combustion to occur. Since the FPE does not have a large flywheel to smoothen out the irregularities while starting or running the engine, alternative approaches must be taken to ease successful cold starts and strategies to deal with misfire that could knock the whole engine out of balance (Raheem et al 2022). Currently stable operation of the FPE and transition between starting, motoring and loading conditions is a matter of interest for many research teams (Feng et al 2021;Raheem et al 2022).…”

Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive Review of Innovation in Piston Engine and Low Temperature Combustion Technologies

Allmägi,

Ilves,

Olt

2024

Transport

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Global transport today is mainly powered by the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and throughout its century and a half of development it has become considerably more efficient and cleaner. Future prospects of the ICE rely on the scientific work conducted today to keep this trend of higher efficiency and cleaner emissions in new engines going. The aim of this article is to give a comprehensive review of development directions in novel piston engine designs, which seek to overcome the drawbacks of the ubiquitous 4-stroke piston engine. One of the directions of development is devoted to improving the mechanisms and the general layout of the piston engine to reduce losses within the engine. Research teams working with alternative engine work cycles like the 5- and 6-stroke engine and technologies for extracting waste heat seek to reduce thermal losses while novel layouts of valve trains and crank assemblies claim to significantly improve the mechanical and Volumetric Efficiency (VE) of piston engines. These novel ideas include camless or Variable Valve Action (VVA) and engines with Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) or opposed pistons. One alternative approach could also be to totally redesign the reciprocating mechanism by replacing the piston with some other device or mechanism. Additional scientific work is investigating Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) technologies such as Turbulent Jet Ignition (TJI) and Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and its derivatives like Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) and Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) that have shown improvements in thermal and fuel conversion efficiency while also significantly reducing harmful emissions. These combustion strategies also open the path to alternative fuels. The contemporary work in the combustion engine fields of research entail technical solutions from the past that have received a modern approach or are a completely novel idea. Nonetheless, all research teams work with the common goal to make the piston engine a highly efficient and environmentally friendly device that will continue to power our transport and industry for years to come. For this, solutions must be found to overcome the mechanical limitations of the traditional layout of the piston engine. Similarly various improvements in combustion technology are needed that implement state of the art technology to improve combustion characteristics and reduce harmful emissions.

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Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fpementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Review of Innovation in Piston Engine and Low Temperature Combustion Technologies

Allmägi,

Ilves,

Olt

2024

Transport

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“…Since there are no mechanical restrictions on the movement of the piston, the inverter power generation control of the linear generator freely controls the movement of the piston. Many studies have been reported on control methods that consider piston motion to improve the efficiency and performance of FPEG [13,14]. In the singlecylinder FPEG, power generation control only in the highefficiency region of the linear generator equalizes power generation in the expansion and compression strokes, which is effective in improving generation efficiency [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operation Range of Intermittent Velocity Control for Improving Top-Dead-Center Accuracy in Dual-Sided Free-Piston Engine Linear Generator

Sato,

Irie,

Mizuno

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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A free-piston engine linear generator (FPEG) is constructed by combining a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a linear generator. FPEG is required to improve both the accuracy of the top-dead-center (TDC) positioning considering frequent combustion fluctuations and the reduction of power consumption. This paper confirms the influence of intermittent velocity control on power running suppression and TDC position deviation in a dual-cylinder FPEG. Intermittent velocity control is a simple method, which consists of repeatedly turning the speed control on and off. The experimental results of the glow engine indicate that this control suppresses power consumption and enables continuous combustion. The setting range for intermittent speed control, which continues operation only through regenerative operation, must be determined by considering the gain value. In addition, this paper explains the effects of the control range of intermittent velocity control on power generation efficiency, piston motion frequency, and TDC position deviation in the dual-cylinder FPEG. Increasing the range ratio of intermittent speed control improves power generation efficiency, but it also increases the standard deviation of TDC position.INDEX TERMS Free-piston engine, linear generator, generation control, speed control, and top-deadcenter

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Development and Validation of a Free Piston Engine Linear Generator Simulation Model Including Cycle-To-Cycle Variation and Ignition Timing Sub-Models

Raheem,

Aziz,

Zulkifli

et al. 2024

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

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A review of free piston engine control literature—Taxonomy and techniques

Cited by 18 publications

References 180 publications

Comprehensive Review of Innovation in Piston Engine and Low Temperature Combustion Technologies

Comprehensive Review of Innovation in Piston Engine and Low Temperature Combustion Technologies

Operation Range of Intermittent Velocity Control for Improving Top-Dead-Center Accuracy in Dual-Sided Free-Piston Engine Linear Generator

Development and Validation of a Free Piston Engine Linear Generator Simulation Model Including Cycle-To-Cycle Variation and Ignition Timing Sub-Models

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