A review of gelatin: Properties, sources, process, applications, and commercialisation

Alipal, J.; Pu'ad, N.A.S. Mohd; Lee, T.C.; Nayan, Nadirul Hasraf Mat; Sahari, Norain; Basri, Hatijah; Idris, Maizlinda Izwana; Abdullah, Hasan Zuhudi

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.922

Cited by 265 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Morel et al, studied a mixing-induced aggregation of wheat gluten and proposed that the formation of disulfide and isopeptide bonds as well as hydrophobic interactions can drive aggregation [ 47 ]. There are few cysteine residues in gelatin molecules [ 4 ], therefore most likely other mechanisms are involved.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modified Desolvation Method Enables Simple One-Step Synthesis of Gelatin Nanoparticles from Different Gelatin Types with Any Bloom Values

et al. 2021

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Gelatin nanoparticles found numerous applications in drug delivery, bioimaging, immunotherapy, and vaccine development as well as in biotechnology and food science. Synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles is usually made by a two-step desolvation method, which, despite providing stable and homogeneous nanoparticles, has many limitations, namely complex procedure, low yields, and poor reproducibility of the first desolvation step. Herein, we present a modified one-step desolvation method, which enables the quick, simple, and reproducible synthesis of gelatin nanoparticles. Using the proposed method one can prepare gelatin nanoparticles from any type of gelatin with any bloom number, even with the lowest ones, which remains unattainable for the traditional two-step technique. The method relies on quick one-time addition of poor solvent (preferably isopropyl alcohol) to gelatin solution in the absence of stirring. We applied the modified desolvation method to synthesize nanoparticles from porcine, bovine, and fish gelatin with bloom values from 62 to 225 on the hundreds-of-milligram scale. Synthesized nanoparticles had average diameters between 130 and 190 nm and narrow size distribution. Yields of synthesis were 62–82% and can be further increased. Gelatin nanoparticles have good colloidal stability and withstand autoclaving. Moreover, they were non-toxic to human immune cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conditions in which hydrolysis of collagen is performed affect the size distribution of resulting gelatin molecules. Size distribution of gelatin molecules usually correlates with gel strength which is expressed as a bloom value: the longer the gelatin polypeptide chains the higher the gel strength and bloom value [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Desolvation Method Enables Simple One-Step Synthesis of Gelatin Nanoparticles from Different Gelatin Types with Any Bloom Values

et al. 2021

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“…This amphiphilic polymer is biocompatible, biodegradable and safe, categorized by the FDA as GRAS [ 12 ]. Moreover, the low cost of acquisition, as well as the ease of modification of its chemical structure, contribute to the widespread use of GEL in the pharmaceutical technology [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Gelatin on the Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Fucoidan Microspheres with Posaconazole

et al. 2021

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Fungal infections and invasive mycoses, despite the continuous medicine progress, are an important globally therapeutic problem. Multicompartment dosage formulations (e.g., microparticles) ensure a short drug diffusion way and high surface area of drug release, which as a consequence can provide improvement of therapeutic efficiency compared to the traditional drug dosage forms. As fucoidan is promising component with wide biological activity per se, the aim of this study was to prepare fucospheres (fucoidan microparticles) and fucoidan/gelatin microparticles with posaconazole using the one-step spray-drying technique. Pharmaceutical properties of designed fucospheres and the impact of the gelatin addition on their characteristics were evaluated. An important stage of this research was in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of developed microparticles using different Candida species. It was observed that gelatin presence in microparticles significantly improved swelling capacity and mucoadhesiveness, and provided a sustained POS release. Furthermore, it was shown that gelatin addition enhanced antifungal activity of microparticles against tested Candida spp. strains. Microparticles formulation GF6, prepared by the spray drying of 20% fucoidan, 5% gelatin and 10% Posaconazole, were characterized by optimal mucoadhesive properties, high drug loading and the most sustained drug release (after 8 h 65.34 ± 4.10% and 33.81 ± 5.58% of posaconazole was dissolved in simulated vaginal fluid pH 4.2 or 0.1 M HCl pH 1.2, respectively).

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“…In this case, the most commonly used methods are freeze-thawing [ 46 ] and complexation with borate ions [ 47 ]. In contrast, gelatin is a hydrophilic biopolymer of natural origin built with polypeptide chains composed of a wide range of amino acids with diverse side groups [ 48 , 49 ]. It is widely used in the preparation of hydrogels for various applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Properties of Two-Component Hydrogel Systems Based on Gelatin and Polyvinyl Alcohol—Experimental Studies Supported by Computational Analysis

Labus

Radosiński

Kotowski

2021

IJMS

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The presented research is focused on an investigation of the effect of the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to a gelatin-based hydrogel on the functional properties of the resulting material. The main purpose was to experimentally determine and compare the properties of hydrogels differing from the content of PVA in the blend. Subsequently, the utility of these matrices for the production of an immobilized invertase preparation with improved operational stability was examined. We also propose a useful computational tool to predict the properties of the final material depending on the proportions of both components in order to design the feature range of the hydrogel blend desired for a strictly specified immobilization system (of enzyme/carrier type). Based on experimental research, it was found that an increase in the PVA content in gelatin hydrogels contributes to obtaining materials with a visibly higher packaging density, degree of swelling, and water absorption capacity. In the case of hydrolytic degradation and compressive strength, the opposite tendency was observed. The functionality studies of gelatin and gelatin/PVA hydrogels for enzyme immobilization indicate the very promising potential of invertase entrapped in a gelatin/PVA hydrogel matrix as a stable biocatalyst for industrial use. The molecular modeling analysis performed in this work provides qualitative information about the tendencies of the macroscopic parameters observed with the increase in the PVA and insight into the chemical nature of these dependencies.

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A review of gelatin: Properties, sources, process, applications, and commercialisation

Cited by 265 publications

References 66 publications

Modified Desolvation Method Enables Simple One-Step Synthesis of Gelatin Nanoparticles from Different Gelatin Types with Any Bloom Values

Modified Desolvation Method Enables Simple One-Step Synthesis of Gelatin Nanoparticles from Different Gelatin Types with Any Bloom Values

The Impact of Gelatin on the Pharmaceutical Characteristics of Fucoidan Microspheres with Posaconazole

Functional Properties of Two-Component Hydrogel Systems Based on Gelatin and Polyvinyl Alcohol—Experimental Studies Supported by Computational Analysis

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