A review of genetic resistance to disease in Bos taurus cattle

Morris, C. A.

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.09.006

Cited by 63 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…A mature bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell line resource is of huge importance in implementing hypothesis-driven research and in the investigation of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of tissue fatty acid synthesis, metabolism and accretion in beef cattle. The increasing cost of large animal experiments, increased legislative requirements on the ethical use of animals (Radzikowski, 2006), together with considerable inter-animal variation in feed intake (Nkrumah et al, 2007), hepatic function (Dorroch et al, 2001), resistance to disease (Morris, 2007) and inherent fatty acid concentrations in cattle even within breeds fed the same diets (Pitchford et al, 2002) results in marked difficulties in investigating dietary effects on tissue fatty acid accretion. While there is notable genetic variation associated with beef fatty acid composition (Zhang et al, 2008), there is also variation in the expression of a number of genes controlling fatty acid constituents of beef, such as SREBP-1c (Hoashi et al, 2007) and D-9 desaturase (Lehnert et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of level of eicosapentaenoic acid on the transcriptional regulation of Δ-9 desaturase using a novel in vitro bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell culture model

Waters

Kenny²,

Killeen³

et al. 2009

Animal

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Ruminant fat is often perceived as having a negative impact on human health; however, the composition of the fat is under complex biochemical control and can be improved through strategic manipulation of the animal's diet. There were two major objectives of this study, namely (i) to develop and validate a primary bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell line and (ii) to examine the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on the transcriptional regulation of D-9 desaturase in vitro using the novel cell line. Intramuscular adipose tissue was obtained from the Musculus longissimus thoracis of a beef heifer. Mature adipocytes were isolated and cultured, and subsequently harvested and evaluated for lipid accumulation and the expression of genes regulating key functional adipocyte protein markers at passages 10, 20 and 30. Isolated cells were shown to accumulate lipid in culture over time. Fatty acid analysis by gas chromatography was carried out at passage 30. Thirteen fatty acids ranging from tetradecanoic acid (C14:0) to the polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), were easily detected and measured. High-quality total RNA was isolated from adipocytes and the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid-binding protein-4, adipocyte lipid-binding protein, CD36, D-9 desaturase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and leptin genes were identified by reverse transcriptase-PCR and sequence analysis. Expression of the negative control, liver-specific hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha, was not detected. Adipocytes were subsequently incubated in medium containing 0, 50 or 100 mM EPA for 24 h. Increasing the EPA concentration of the culture media led to a linear increase in adipocyte EPA concentration ( P , 0.01). Expression of D-9 desaturase mRNA was decreased five-and seven-fold, respectively, following 50 and 100 mM EPA incubation compared to the control. Gene expression of SREBP-1c was decreased by 6-and 18-fold in cells supplemented with 50 and 100 mM EPA, respectively, compared to the control. Regression analysis showed a negative linear relationship between EPA concentration and the gene expression of both D-9 desaturase ( P , 0.001) and SREBP-1c ( P , 0.001), while a significant positive relationship was observed between D-9 desaturase and SREBP-1c gene expression ( P , 0.001). This is the first report demonstrating that EPA treatment of bovine intramuscular adipocyte cells decreased gene expression of both D-9 desaturase and SREBP-1c in vitro. The bovine adipocyte cell line developed here is an important resource for future studies facilitating less-expensive, rapid screening of research hypotheses and circumventing the limitations associated with the use of experimental animals including cost, inter-animal variation, pre-experimental management and ethics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of level of eicosapentaenoic acid on the transcriptional regulation of Δ-9 desaturase using a novel in vitro bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell culture model

Waters

Kenny²,

Killeen³

et al. 2009

Animal

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“…Similarly, many other quantitative traits of farm animals, genetic selection, taking advantage of the natural variation in host resistance/resilience to parasites, may provide an important long-term strategy for combating parasites under changing climate conditions in the future. As reported by Morris (2007), heritability estimates for faecal egg counts (FEC) in calves after weaning range from 0.29 to 0.60. Although selection of potentially resistant/resilient individuals is possible in sheep, FEC in calves are highly variable and not repeatable, leading to advice against using FEC in genetic selection in cattle.…”

Section: Health Risks From Parasites and Pasture Borne Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

Gauly

Bollwein

Breves

et al. 2013

Animal

155

100

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It is well documented that global warming is unequivocal. Dairy production systems are considered as important sources of greenhouse gas emissions; however, little is known about the sensitivity and vulnerability of these production systems themselves to climate warming. This review brings different aspects of dairy cow production in Central Europe into focus, with a holistic approach to emphasize potential future consequences and challenges arising from climate change. With the current understanding of the effects of climate change, it is expected that yield of forage per hectare will be influenced positively, whereas quality will mainly depend on water availability and soil characteristics. Thus, the botanical composition of future grassland should include species that are able to withstand the changing conditions (e.g. lucerne and bird's foot trefoil). Changes in nutrient concentration of forage plants, elevated heat loads and altered feeding patterns of animals may influence rumen physiology. Several promising nutritional strategies are available to lower potential negative impacts of climate change on dairy cow nutrition and performance. Adjustment of feeding and drinking regimes, diet composition and additive supplementation can contribute to the maintenance of adequate dairy cow nutrition and performance. Provision of adequate shade and cooling will reduce the direct effects of heat stress. As estimated genetic parameters are promising, heat stress tolerance as a functional trait may be included into breeding programmes. Indirect effects of global warming on the health and welfare of animals seem to be more complicated and thus are less predictable. As the epidemiology of certain gastrointestinal nematodes and liver fluke is favourably influenced by increased temperature and humidity, relations between climate change and disease dynamics should be followed closely. Under current conditions, climate change associated economic impacts are estimated to be neutral if some form of adaptation is integrated. Therefore, it is essential to establish and adopt mitigation strategies covering available tools from management, nutrition, health and plant and animal breeding to cope with the future consequences of climate change on dairy farming.Keywords: global warming, cow comfort, heat stress, heat tolerance, functional traits ImplicationsAs a consequence of global warming, drier and hotter summers are expected for Central Europe. Here we discuss multiple interactions between climate change and dairy production in Central Europe in its full complexity, starting from fodder resources to breeding impacts and farm economy. Under current conditions, the impact of climate change on the farm economy is estimated to be neutral if some form of adaptation is integrated. Thus, establishing mitigation and adaptation strategies covering available tools from management, nutrition, health and plant and animal breeding to cope with the future consequences of climate change on dairy farming are essential.-E-mail: Mgauly@gwdg.de 843 ...

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“…There are many studies that show that there is a physiological trade-off between production and disease or parasite resistance and this has recently been reviewed (Morris 2007). In cattle, zebu have greater growth rates and performance in the presence of parasites, in hotter climates and fed lower quality feed than taurine animals, but poorer growth rates and performance in the absence of parasites, in cooler climates and fed better quality feed Vercoe 1977, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A genome-wide association study of tick burden and milk composition in cattle

Turner¹,

Harrison

Bunch

et al. 2010

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract.To study the genetic basis of tick burden and milk production and their interrelationship, we collected a sample of 1961 cattle with multiple tick counts from northern Australia of which 973 had dairy production data in the Australian Dairy Herd Information Service database. We calculated heritabilities, genetic and phenotypic correlations for these traits and showed a negative relationship between tick counts and milk and milk component yield. Tests of polymorphisms of four genes associated with milk yield, ABCG2, DGAT1, GHR and PRLR, showed no statistically significant effect on tick burden but highly significant associations to milk component yield in these data and we confirmed separate effects for GHR and PRLR on bovine chromosome 20. To begin to identify some of the molecular genetic bases for these traits, we genotyped a sample of 189 of these cattle for 7397 single nucleotide polymorphisms in a genome-wide association study. Although the allele effects for adjusted milk fat and protein yield were highly correlated (r = 0.66), the correlations of allele effects of these milk component yields and tick burden were small (|r| 0.10). These results agree in general with the phenotypic correlations between tick counts and milk component yield and suggest that selection on markers for tick burden or milk component yield may have no undesirable effect on the other trait.

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A review of genetic resistance to disease in Bos taurus cattle

Cited by 63 publications

References 74 publications

Effect of level of eicosapentaenoic acid on the transcriptional regulation of Δ-9 desaturase using a novel in vitro bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell culture model

Effect of level of eicosapentaenoic acid on the transcriptional regulation of Δ-9 desaturase using a novel in vitro bovine intramuscular adipocyte cell culture model

Future consequences and challenges for dairy cow production systems arising from climate change in Central Europe – a review

A genome-wide association study of tick burden and milk composition in cattle

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