A Review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis

Dennis, Elliott James; Kneipp, Mac

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2021.03.010

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to the conclusion of a number of researchers, IBK is one of the infections that cause the greatest economic damage to livestock (Brown et al, 1998;Prieto et al, 2013;Postma et al, 2008;Dennis et al, 2021). In the last decade in Kazakhstan, the number of cases of IBK has increased, which are primarily associated with the import of highly productive animals, the infection rate reaches 27% (Ivanov et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Pilin From Kazakh Isolates of Moraxella bovoculi

Куйбагаров¹,

Zhylkibayev²,

Камалова³

et al. 2022

AAVS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I nfectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), is a highly contagious and infectious disease of the bovine eye characterized by conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis that occurs worldwide (Holzhauer and Visser, 2004;Kneipp, 2021). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis also occurs in other domestic (Motha et al., 2003) and wild (Giacometti et al., 2002) species and is generally considered to be a multifactorial disease. The most commonly isolated pathogen from IBK is Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) (McConnel et al., 2007). The presence of M. bovoculi isolates in most eye samples taken from IBK-affected cattle suggests a role for M. bovoculi in pathogenesis (Angelos, 2010). The frequency of co-isolation of these two species may indicate that M. bovoculi serves as an opportunistic agent in IBK (Loy and Brodersen, 2014). In a recent study using the PCR method, M. bovoculi was detected in 75% of the samples of the total number of samples examined (Zheng et al., 2019). Other data on a positive correlation between the clinical signs of IBK and the presence of M. bovoculi also indirectly support that this organism is involved in the pathogenesis of IBK (Loy and Brodersen, 2014;Schnee et al., 2015).Pilin is known to be one of the key pathogenic factors in M. bovis, as this protein allows moraxella to "stick" to research Article Abstract | Moraxella bovoculi (M. bovoculi) is commonly isolated from clinical cases of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), however, the exact role of M. bovoculi in this disease remains unclear. Experimental Moraxella bovis (M. bovis) and M. bovoculi vaccines to prevent IBK based on recombinant pathogenic factors have been evaluated as alternatives to whole cell vaccines. Pilin is one candidate antigen for M. bovoculi, and is a key pathogenic factor necessary for attachment of M. bovis to the surface of the eye epithelium. To evaluate pilA diversity amongst Kazakh isolates of M. bovoculi, the pilA gene sequence was determined for 35 isolates of M. bovoculi. Ten genotypes (gNA1-gNA10) were identified which were 96.1% to 99.8% identical. It was found that as a result of the replacement of cytosine with thymine at the 97th position of the gNA8 genotype, a stop codon resulted which, if expressed, would have resulted in a truncated PilA. Phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences of PilA from isolates from Kazakhstan, in comparison with previously defined PilA groups in M. bovoculi, established that 68% of the Kazakh isolates belonged to group A, 8.6% to groups C and F. It was found that despite these isolates originating from geographically close regions, some of the studied isolates had unique amino acid sequences that were assigned to new M. bovoculi PilA groups designated K (2 isolates), L (2 isolates), and M (1 isolate).

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Pilin From Kazakh Isolates of Moraxella bovoculi

Куйбагаров¹,

Zhylkibayev²,

Камалова³

et al. 2022

AAVS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as pinkeye, is the most common ocular disease that affects cattle with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 2.8% in beef cattle [1,2]. IBK is a complex disease that is influenced by multiple factors involving primarily bacterial pathogens, the environment, and the host [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IBK is both an animal welfare and production loss concern, as it is painful and affected cattle can have reduced weight gain [6,7]. Economic impacts have been insufficiently studied but costs in the US alone likely are in the hundreds of millions of dollars each year [1]. The only antibiotics with label approval for IBK treatment in the US are oxytetracycline and tulathromycin, which raises concerns for increased frequencies of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to these antibiotics in cattle [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole genome sequencing of Moraxella bovis strains from North America reveals two genotypes with different genetic determinants

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi both associate with infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), an economically significant and painful ocular disease that affects cattle worldwide. There are two genotypes of M. bovoculi (genotypes 1 and 2) that differ in their gene content and potential virulence factors, although neither have been experimentally shown to cause IBK. M. bovis is a causative IBK agent, however, not all strains carry a complete assortment of known virulence factors. The goals of this study were to determine the population structure and depth of M. bovis genomic diversity, and to compare core and accessory genes and predicted outer membrane protein profiles both within and between M. bovis and M. bovoculi. Results Phylogenetic trees and bioinformatic analyses of 36 M. bovis chromosomes sequenced in this study and additional available chromosomes of M. bovis and both genotype 1 and 2 M. bovoculi, showed there are two genotypes (1 and 2) of M. bovis. The two M. bovis genotypes share a core of 2015 genes, with 121 and 186 genes specific to genotype 1 and 2, respectively. The two genotypes differ by their chromosome size and prophage content, encoded protein variants of the virulence factor hemolysin, and by their affiliation with different plasmids. Eight plasmid types were identified in this study, with types 1 and 6 observed in 88 and 56% of genotype 2 strains, respectively, and absent from genotype 1 strains. Only type 1 plasmids contained one or two gene copies encoding filamentous haemagglutinin-like proteins potentially involved with adhesion. A core of 1403 genes was shared between the genotype 1 and 2 strains of both M. bovis and M. bovoculi, which encoded a total of nine predicted outer membrane proteins. Conclusions There are two genotypes of M. bovis that differ in both chromosome content and plasmid profiles and thus may not equally associate with IBK. Immunological reagents specifically targeting select genotypes of M. bovis, or all genotypes of M. bovis and M. bovoculi together could be designed from the outer membrane proteins identified in this study.

show abstract

“…Recently, an epidemiological case definition was proposed for IBK that included; a disease with high morbidity (at least 2% in calves or 0.6% in adult animals) that rapidly disseminates within a herd (average time course of 30 days), with animals displaying clinical signs that are restricted to the eye(s) to include keratitis and/or conjunctivitis, with at least 10% of the lesions displaying corneal ulceration [4]. IBK has a significant economic impact on the cattle industry due to the need for antibiotics, labor required for carrying out treatments, decreased feed efficiency, decreased average daily gain, costs associated with prevention strategies, and animal welfare concerns [1,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Five Year Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Antibody Responses to a Commercial and Autogenous Vaccine for the Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A randomized control trial was performed over a five-year period to assess the efficacy and antibody response induced by autogenous and commercial vaccine formulations against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK). Calves were randomly assigned each year to one of three arms: an autogenous vaccine treatment that included Moraxella bovis (M. bovis), Moraxella bovoculi, and Mycoplasma bovoculi antigens, a commercial M. bovis vaccine treatment, or a sham vaccine treatment that consisted only of adjuvant. A total of 1198 calves were enrolled in the study. Calves were administered the respective vaccines approximately 21 days apart, just prior to turnout on summer pastures. Treatment effects were analyzed for IBK incidence, retreatment incidence, 205-day adjusted weaning weights, and antibody response to the type IV pilus protein (pili) of M. bovis as measured by a novel indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent screening assay (ELISA). Calves vaccinated with the autogenous formulation experienced a decreased cumulative incidence of IBK over the entire study compared to those vaccinated with the commercial and sham formulations (24.5% vs. 30.06% vs. 30.3%, respectively, p = 0.25), and had less IBK cases that required retreatment compared to the commercial and sham formulations (21.4% vs. 27.9% vs. 34.3%, respectively, p = 0.15), but these differences were not significant. The autogenous formulation induced a significantly stronger antibody response than the commercial (p = 0.022) and sham formulations (p = 0.001), but antibody levels were not significantly correlated with IBK protection (p = 0.37).

show abstract

A Review of Global Prevalence and Economic Impacts of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Genetic Diversity of Pilin From Kazakh Isolates of Moraxella bovoculi

Genetic Diversity of Pilin From Kazakh Isolates of Moraxella bovoculi

Whole genome sequencing of Moraxella bovis strains from North America reveals two genotypes with different genetic determinants

A Five Year Randomized Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Antibody Responses to a Commercial and Autogenous Vaccine for the Prevention of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About