A review of hollow Pt-based nanocatalysts applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Zhou, Xin-Wen; Gan, Yong; Du, Junliang; Tian, Danni; Zhang, Ronghua; Yang, Changying; Dai, Zhongxu

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.062

Cited by 156 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Following the elegant work of [55], there have been many reports on the preparation of bimetallic and/or hollow electrocatalysts and reviews of such catalysts used in fuel cells or/and other energy applications are given in [61,62] and [63] respectively. Among the most systematic series of works in the preparation, characterization and testing of electrocatalysts prepared by galvanic replacement/deposition one has to mention that of Adzic and co-workers (see, for example, [64][65][66]), Kokkinidis and Sotiropoulos and co-workers (see, for example, [67,68]), Podlovchenko and co-workers (see, for example, [69,70]) and Musiani and co-workers (see, for example, [71,72]).…”

Section: Nanoparticle and Catalytic Layer Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

et al. 2017

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Galvanic replacement is the spontaneous replacement of surface layers of a metal, M, by a more noble metal, M noble , when the former is treated with a solution containing the latter in ionic form, according to the general replacement reaction: nM + mM noble n+ → nM m+ + mM noble. The reaction is driven by the difference in the equilibrium potential of the two metal/metal ion redox couples and, to avoid parasitic cathodic processes such as oxygen reduction and (in some cases) hydrogen evolution too, both oxygen levels and the pH must be optimized. The resulting bimetallic material can in principle have a M noble-rich shell and M-rich core (denoted as M noble (M)) leading to a possible decrease in noble metal loading and the modification of its properties by the underlying metal M. This paper reviews a number of bimetallic or ternary electrocatalytic materials prepared by galvanic replacement for fuel cell, electrolysis and electrosynthesis reactions. These include oxygen reduction, methanol, formic acid and ethanol oxidation, hydrogen evolution and oxidation, oxygen evolution, borohydride oxidation, and halide reduction. Methods for depositing the precursor metal M on the support material (electrodeposition, electroless deposition, photodeposition) as well as the various options for the support are also reviewed. 1. Principle of Galvanic Replacement/Deposition 1.1. Thermodynamic Considerations When a metal, M (e.g., Cu, Fe, Co, Ni, Al, etc.), is immersed in a solution containing ions of a more noble metal, M noble n+ (e.g., Pt, Au, Pd, Ag, Ru, Ir, Rh, Os, etc.-i.e., a metal with a higher standard potential) then, due to the difference in their standard electrochemical potentials, E 0 noble − E 0 > 0, and provided that the ionic form of M is stable under the given experimental conditions (of temperatue, pH, complexing agents etc.), the following reaction is thermodynamically favored and can take place spontaneously: M noble n+ + n/m M → M noble + n/m M m+ (1) This reaction, which bears similarities with transmetalation reactions between metal complexes [1] and is also known as immersion plating [2] in the plating industry and galvanic replacement [3] in materials chemistry, can be considered to originate from the coupling of the following two half-reactions: M noble n+ + ne − ↔ M noble (E 0 noble) (2) M m+ + me − ↔ M (E 0) (3)

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Section: Nanoparticle and Catalytic Layer Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalysts Prepared by Galvanic Replacement

et al. 2017

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“…Nanoscience has been introduced as a clean energy solution in a variety of applications and has positively affected energy generation and storage. As a result, nanoscience has emerged as one of the hottest areas of study, and numerous researchers are used nanomaterials as a means to solve energy and environmental obstacles [1,2]. However, improvements in sustainable energy technologies require additional studies and investigations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved carbon nanostructures as a novel catalyst support in the cathode side of PEMFC: a critical review

Shahgaldi

Hamelin

2015

Carbon

166

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“…Different preparation techniques result in different properties of the electrode materials [42]. Electrospun nanofibers have been proven to be efficient catalytic supports owing to the large surface areas and high porosity, which are preferable to the dispersion of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of the TiO 2 nanofibers (T-NFs) support, leading to the low electrical resistance to facilitate electron transport during the electrochemical reactions, maximum contact with fuel or oxidant, and strong interaction between the metal Pt and the support, increasing the catalytic activity of Pt/T-NFs for methanol oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%