2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.011
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A review of Human Biomonitoring studies of trace elements in Pakistan

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Cited by 83 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…Human biomonitoring (HBM) is defined as a scientific technique that allows researchers to investigate how much of environmental substances have entered the human body, besides looking at how these exposures vary over a certain period of time. The biological samples, such as blood, breastmilk, saliva, urine and nails, are collected, analysed and are then compared with suitable reference values in order to assess exposure and health risk of the exposed subjects (Angerer, Aylward, Hays, Heinzow & Wilhelm, 2011;Esteban & Castano, 2008;Waseem & Arshad, 2016). In this study, fingernail samples were chosen mainly due to its easy sample collection and storage, besides having the advantage of reflecting elemental concentrations in the body from a period of 12 to 28 months (Li et al, 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Human biomonitoring (HBM) is defined as a scientific technique that allows researchers to investigate how much of environmental substances have entered the human body, besides looking at how these exposures vary over a certain period of time. The biological samples, such as blood, breastmilk, saliva, urine and nails, are collected, analysed and are then compared with suitable reference values in order to assess exposure and health risk of the exposed subjects (Angerer, Aylward, Hays, Heinzow & Wilhelm, 2011;Esteban & Castano, 2008;Waseem & Arshad, 2016). In this study, fingernail samples were chosen mainly due to its easy sample collection and storage, besides having the advantage of reflecting elemental concentrations in the body from a period of 12 to 28 months (Li et al, 2012).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Results further revealed that few WSS were at threat to pose low cancer risk if preventive measures would not have been taken. Most evidence linking As in drinking water with elevated cancer risk of internal organs comes from ecological and HBM studies in populations of Chile and Pakistan, with high As exposures from underground wells [39][40]. …”
Section: Health Risk Assessment Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Além da associação a câncer de pulmão, o cádmio também é nefrotóxico e pode causar desordens fisiológicas (KIM et al, 2018; LIU et al 2018a).Existem evidências de que o cádmio causa danos às células ao produzir espécies ativas de oxigênio, causando danos na fita simples e destruição do ácido nucléico. Dentre os efeitos sistêmicos por longa exposição ao elemento, quando a via de exposição se dá pela ingestão, o elemento afetará principalmente os rins e os ossos(ATSDR, 2012a;WASEEM, 2016;WANG et al, 2017; KIM et al, 2018b;LIU et al, 2018b). Já se inalado, irá acometer os pulmões e os rins(ATSDR, 2012a;WASEEM, 2016;WANG et al, 2017).…”
unclassified
“…Dentre os efeitos sistêmicos por longa exposição ao elemento, quando a via de exposição se dá pela ingestão, o elemento afetará principalmente os rins e os ossos(ATSDR, 2012a;WASEEM, 2016;WANG et al, 2017; KIM et al, 2018b;LIU et al, 2018b). Já se inalado, irá acometer os pulmões e os rins(ATSDR, 2012a;WASEEM, 2016;WANG et al, 2017). Os principais desfechos observados são: lesões de túbulo renal, danos glomerulares, diminuição da mineralização dos ossos e aumento de fraturas, redução das funções pulmonares e enfisema(ATSDR, 2012a;WASEEM, 2016;WANG et al, 2017).Em baixas doses por longo período de exposição, o elemento pode causar apoptose celular no fígado e nos rins, doença cardiovascular, disfunção reprodutiva, diabetes e osteoporose.…”
unclassified
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