A Review of Human Ocular RNA Virus Infections Excluding Coronavirus, Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus, and Arboviruses

Smit, Derrick; Mathew, Dony Chacko; Khairallah, Moncef; Yeh, Steven; Cunningham, Emmett T.

doi:10.1080/09273948.2023.2220027

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 58 publications

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“…Rubella is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. 20 , 21 It is one of the leading causes of preventable birth defects and is transmitted via airborne droplets. 21 Infection during the gestational period can result in birth defects, hearing loss, and blindness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Profile of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance in Conjunctivitis Cases from Niger

Amza,

Nassirou,

Kadri

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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ABSTRACT. Infectious conjunctivitis outbreaks remain a public health burden. This study focuses on the pathogen and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles identified in Niger. Sixty-two patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis who presented to health posts were enrolled from December 2021 to May 2022. Nasal and conjunctival swabs were obtained from each patient. Unbiased RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify associated pathogens. A pathogen was identified in 39 patients (63%; 95% CI, 50–74). Of those, an RNA virus was detected in 23 patients (59%; 95% CI, 43–73). RNA viruses were diverse and included human coronaviruses (HCoVs): SARS-CoV-2, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-OC43. A DNA virus was identified in 11 patients (28%; 95% CI, 17–44). Of those, four patients had a coinfection with an RNA virus and two patients had a coinfection with both an RNA virus and a bacterium. DNA viruses were predominantly human herpesvirus (cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, human herpesvirus 8) and human adenovirus species B, C, and F. Eighteen patients (46%; 95% CI, 32–61) had a bacteria-associated infection that included Haemophilus influenza, Haemophilus aegyptius, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella spp. Antimicrobial resistance determinants were detected in either the conjunctiva or nasal samples of 20 patients (32%; 95% CI, 22–45) and were found to be more diverse in the nose (Shannon alpha diversity, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.05–1.26] versus 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00–1.05], P = 0.01). These results suggest the potential utility of leveraging RNA-seq to surveil pathogens and AMR for ocular infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Profile of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance in Conjunctivitis Cases from Niger

Amza,

Nassirou,

Kadri

et al. 2023

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Infectious eye disease in the 21st century—an overview

Clare,

Kempen,

Pavésio

2024

Eye

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Infectious diseases affecting the eye often cause unilateral or asymmetric visual loss in children and people of working age. This group of conditions includes viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases, both common and rare presentations which, in aggregate, may account for a significant portion of the global visual burden. Diagnosis is frequently challenging even in specialist centres, and many disease presentations are highly regional. In an age of globalisation, an understanding of the various modes of transmission and the geographic distribution of infections can be instructive to clinicians. The impact of eye infections on global disability is currently not sufficiently captured in global prevalence studies on visual impairment and blindness, which focus on bilateral disease in the over-50s. Moreover, in many cases it is hard to differentiate between infectious and immune-mediated diseases. Since infectious eye diseases can be preventable and frequently affect younger people, we argue that in future prevalence studies they should be considered as a separate category, including estimates of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as a measure of overall disease burden. Numbers of ocular infections are uniquely affected by outbreaks as well as endemic transmission, and their control frequently relies on collaborative partnerships that go well beyond the remit of ophthalmology, encompassing domains as various as vaccination, antibiotic development, individual healthcare, vector control, mass drug administration, food supplementation, environmental and food hygiene, epidemiological mapping, and many more. Moreover, the anticipated impacts of global warming, conflict, food poverty, urbanisation and environmental degradation are likely to magnify their importance. While remote telemedicine can be a useful aide in the diagnosis of these conditions in resource-poor areas, enhanced global reporting networks and artificial intelligence systems may ultimately be required for disease surveillance and monitoring.

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A Review of Human Ocular RNA Virus Infections Excluding Coronavirus, Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus, and Arboviruses

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

Comprehensive Profile of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance in Conjunctivitis Cases from Niger

Comprehensive Profile of Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance in Conjunctivitis Cases from Niger

Infectious eye disease in the 21st century—an overview

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