A Review of Hybrid Process Development Based on Electrochemical and Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Industrial Wastewater

Abstract

Nowadays, increased human activity, industrialization, and urbanization result in the production of enormous quantities of wastewater. Generally, physicochemical and biological methods are employed to treat industrial effluent and wastewater and have demonstrated high efficacy in removing pollutants. However, some industrial effluent and wastewater contain contaminants that are extremely difficult to remove using standard physicochemical and biological processes. Previously, electrochemical and hybrid advanced oxidation processes (AOP) were considered a viable and promising alternative for achieving an adequate effluent treatment strategy in such instances. These processes rely on the production of hydroxyl radicals, which are highly reactive oxidants that efficiently break down contaminants found in wastewater and industrial effluent. This review focuses on the removal of contaminants from industrial effluents and wastewater through the integration of electrochemical and advanced oxidation techniques. These processes include electrooxidation, electrocoagulation/electroflocculation, electroflotation, photo-Fenton, ozone-photo-Fenton, sono-photo-Fenton, photo-electro-Fenton, ozone/electrocoagulation, sono-electrocoagulation, and peroxi/photo/electrocoagulation. The data acquired from over 150 published articles, most of which were laboratory experiments, demonstrated that the hybrid process is more effective in removing contaminants from industrial effluent and wastewater than standalone processes.

Oxidative degradation of electroplating wastewater by an electro-Fenton process using GO/TiO₂NTs electrode

“…To analyze a system or process that includes a response Z, where Z depends on the input factors: u 1 , u 2 ,..., u k , the relationship between the response and the input process parameters is given in Eq. ( 13): (13) where Z is the response that depends on the input factors (u 1 , u 2 ,..., u k of k quantitative factors), v is the hypothetical but actual response function, and δ r is the residual error that explains the differentiation that the function f can take into account. The percentage of COD removal and energy consumed are referred to as the expected response (Z) in the current study.…”

“…Traditional water treatment techniques are ineffective at removing most contaminants because they are recalcitrant and difficult to degrade [12]. In the recent decade, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have become one of the most promising approaches to organic wastewater treatment due to their eco-friendly, superior performance, cost-effectiveness, and lack of secondary contamination [13,14]. AOPs are processes that generate highly reactive radical species, such as hydroxyl radical (•OH) and sulfate radical (SO 4…”

Structural Analysis and Adsorption Studies of (PbO, MgO) Metal Oxide Nanocomposites for Efficient Methylene Blue Dye Removal from Water

“…As the global demand for clean water intensifies, innovative and efficient wastewater treatment methods become essential [ 1 , 2 ]. Wastewater has been treated using a variety of methods to remove colors, including adsorption [ 3 , 4 ], advanced oxidation [ 5 ], biological treatment [ 6 ], nanofiltration [ 7 ], and electrocatalysis [ 8 ]. Among these methods, adsorption stands out as a versatile and effective approach for removing diverse pollutants from wastewater.…”

Mycoremediation of Synthetic Azo Dyes by White-Rot Fungi Grown on Diary Waste: A Step toward Sustainable and Circular Bioeconomy

“…There are several physical methods through which dyes are biodegraded, such as adsorption, membrane filters, coagulation/flocculation, ion exchange, and radiation [17]. In the chemical method, various types of chemical reagents and treatments are applied to degrade the dyes, such as ozone treatment, Fenton's reagent, photochemical oxidation, sodium hypochlorite, and electrochemical [18]. Unfortunately, almost all of such conventional wastewater treatment systems are inefficient, and existing physical and chemical approaches could be, under certain conditions, discouraging because such treatments are often economically unfeasible, labor intensive, and with limited selectivity and efficiency, as well as generating a huge amount of sludge, which may cause secondary pollution [19,20].…”