A review of inherent assessment for sustainable process design

Athar, Muhammad; Shariff, Azmi Mohd; Buang, Azizul

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.060

Cited by 55 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Once the averaged data of all process routes have been collected, it can be converted to an average of all process routes followed by the estimation of indices via relative ranking theme for individual parameters using:

I_{k, j} = \frac{Average k of normala route}{Average of average k of all routes}

Here, k represents the parameter and j represents the route. This relative ranking‐based indexing for a parameter in a route can be understood as the gauging against the average value of that parameter for all the process routes and removes the limitations of the indexing methods . Theory of Lawrence is used to combine the individual indices to propose the EPRI, which suggests multiplication of individual indices rather than summation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This relative ranking-based indexing for a parameter in a route can be understood as the gauging against the average value of that parameter for all the process routes and removes the limitations of the indexing methods. 25 Theory of Lawrence is used to combine the individual indices to propose the EPRI, 32 which suggests multiplication of individual indices rather than summation. This index generates a dimensionless number for each process route, and the comparing of these index values for all process routes would justify the comparatively inherently safer process route.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inherent safety concept is typically employed via process routes comparison, as the most of the techniques are based upon the hazard avoidance principle and comparison of the process routes helps to avoid the unsafe process routes. 26 Therefore, a new method for inherent safety via the process routes comparison is proposed, named as an EPRI, and its calculation sequence is given in Figure 1. The method is considering the process, chemical and equipment aspects to rank the process routes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23] None of the above methods has coupled the process equipment characteristics for inherently safety assessment, which has been highlighted as a source of inherent hazard. 24,25 These characteristics associated with process equipment include the ignition sources involved, type of the parts and the size of process equipment. Among these, the size of the equipment at preliminary design stage can be represented via the inventory of that process equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equipment‐based route index of inherent safety

Athar

Shariff

Buang

et al. 2019

Process Safety Progress

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Process safety concept is used to deal with accident scenarios occurring as a result of loss containment. There are four tactics of process safety, and due to superior characteristics, the inherent theme is given priority at the preliminary design stage. In open literature, various methods have been proposed to identify the inherent safety level, and among these indexing methods are typically used. The reported indices have a shortcoming that these have not considered equipment characteristics for inherent safety assessment. Therefore, a new indexing method is proposed in this article to improve the quantification of inherent safety level. This index incorporates process, chemical, and equipment aspects to define the safety level of various process routes via the relative ranking. The proposed index has been tested on process routes to produce methyl methacrylate, which confirms the applicability of this index. The index would enable the practitioners to thoroughly analyze and compare the process routes to identify the inherently safer route.

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I_{k, j} = \frac{Average k of normala route}{Average of average k of all routes}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Equipment‐based route index of inherent safety

Athar

Shariff

Buang

et al. 2019

Process Safety Progress

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“…Cleaner production and sustainable development have gradually become the necessary standards of manufacturing industries 1,2 that have constantly been spreading worldwide and have crept into the consuming and trading habits of individuals 3–5 . For example, leather‐related industries such as fashion design, textiles, footwear, bags, or interior covering products in recent years have witnessed drastic reforms in terms of their production methods to suit the extremely trendy‐progress toward sustainable materials 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of novel biocomposites based on the clean production of microbial cellulose from dairy waste (sour whey)

Nguyen

Ngwabebhoh

Saha

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This work explores the production of kombucha‐derived bacterial cellulose (KBC) from sour whey via the fermentation method using Komagatacibacter xylinus. The biosynthesis process was optimized by design of experiments and the results displayed highest KBC yield at 1000 ml/L sour whey waste, 87.39 g/L cane sugar, 6 g/L black tea, and 78.91 ml/L bacteria volume under 21 days culture period at 30°C. Optimum fermentation batch efficiency was achieved in large scale with cultured medium depths of 0.5 cm and low‐residual bacteria suspension volume of 72.31 ± 8.74 ml. The obtained KBC membranes were analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. The obtained results show no significant differences for all prepared KBC samples when compared to pristine bacterial cellulose from standard Hestrin and Schramm (HS) medium. In addition, the optimized KBC was investigated as a suitable bio‐filler in the preparation of biocomposite materials. The prepared biocomposites as leather alternative were further characterized and their mechanical tensile strength and elongation at break determined in the range of 135.61 ± 9.15 to 154.89 ± 9.09 N/mm2 and 31.06 ± 0.32 to 92.33 ± 6.91%, respectively. This model obtained depicts high‐yield production of KBC and its potential in the preparation of biocomposites.

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