“…Roads include urban roads, highways, rural roads and some functional roads such as ramps ( Li et al., 2019b ), intersections, transitional sections, sharp turns ( Liu et al., 2018b ; Qian et al., 2020 ; Yeon et al., 2019 ). The road properties (i.e., slope ( Gu et al., 2019a ), super elevation, curvature and roughness), environmental attributes (e.g., cluster, schools, hospitals) and traffic rules (e.g., speed hump, speed limits, lane properties) have an impact on speed ( Shin and Sunwoo, 2019 ).…”