A Review of Lactoferrin Inflammatory Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Neutrophil Dysfunction

Alhalwani, Amani Y.

doi:10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i58a34129

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 86 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…Albumin has found low concentration in diabetic patient according to Mrag et al, in which album is a diagnostic marker has suggested 31 . However, our study showed the low levels of lactoferrin and IgA which is similar to other previous studies [32][33][34] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical Oral Findings and Salivary Analysis of Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus

Ahmad¹,

Maqbool²,

Siddique³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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Background: The salivary composition in diabetic patients varies depending on the type of saliva examined (whole or parotid, resting or stimulated) and the choice of participants insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients, or a heterogeneous population with various additional systemic diseases or treatments. In Pakistan there is very few studies done on the clinical significance of saliva amongst diabetic patients. Objective: Clinical oral findings and salivary analysis of patients with and without diabetes mellitus Study Design: Case-control study Study Setting: This study was conducted at Department of Oral Biology Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore from September 2022 to February 2023. Methodology: Out of 421 participants 228 were healthy taken as control and 193 were diabetic patients taken as cases were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire was made to describe the demographic variables age, gender, weight and height for BMI, educational status, socioeconomic status, marital status, and ethnicity. The biochemical parameters were estimated in saliva, collected from diabetic and non-diabetic participants. The 5ml saliva was collected from case and control participants in container and aliquoted at -800C. The samples were thawed at the time of estimation. The salivary biochemical parameters including glucose (mg/dl), insulin (IU/ml), creatinine (umol/L), urea (mml/L), albumin (md/dl), Lactoferrin (ug/ml) and IgA (mg/dl) were done in the lab and estimated through Randox kit according to the manufacturer protocol. The statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: The research included 421 participants in which 294 men (69.8% of the total) and 127 women (30.2% of the total). The average age was 26.4±5.1 years (range: 16.0 to 48.0) of both groups enrolled participants. While the mean of BMI was 23.4±4.5 Kg/m2 (range: 15.10 to 41.90). In this study very low- income status (73.9%) and high frequency of married with 84.6% were enrolled. Diabetics also had considerably higher levels of creatinine, urea, lactoferrin and IgA in the saliva of diabetic patients (p=0.0001). However, albumin was significantly low in diabetic saliva as compared to healthy participants (p=0.015). Practical implication: Studies towards the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on oral health has been conducted, but it is not yet known how common oral manifestations of the disease are or how widespread these effects are, especially in Pakistan. The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of diabetes on the dental health and salivary evaluation of people with and without the disease. Conclusion: New information on salivary parameters and oral results on Pakistani population with and without diabetes was presented in this research. The major results showed that those with diabetes had a decreased salivary flow rate, an increase in salivary glucose, and an increase in urea, creatinine, lactoferrin and IgA concentrations. However, the albumin is low in concentration. The results showed that the clinical significance of saliva amongst diabetic patients and can be used as diagnostic marker. Keyword: Saliva, biochemical parameters, diabetes mellitus, glucose, urea, Albumin

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Clinical Oral Findings and Salivary Analysis of Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus

Ahmad¹,

Maqbool²,

Siddique³

et al. 2023

PJMHS

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“…It can be hypothesized that a failure of the negative regulation of apoptotic process can lead to necrosis of β-cells. We show that Lactotransferrin is more abundant on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus saliva samples (FC = 5.25) sustaining the assumptions of previous authors [18] that LTF promotes the neutrophil dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. HSPA5, identified as protector of ER, is less abundant on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus saliva samples (FC = -2.48), which corroborates the previous assumption.…”

Section: Negative Regulation Of Apoptotic Processessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Negative Regulation Of Apoptotic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactotransferrin promotes apoptosis and the elevated levels have been related with neutrophil dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus [18]. In fact, LTF has been suggested as a biomarker to monitor the development or progression of diabetes and its complications [18]. On the opposite side, Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP (HSPA5) is suggested to be a protector against ER stress, required for β-cells dysregulated apoptosis and consequent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus development [19].…”

Section: Negative Regulation Of Apoptotic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saliva for Diabetes’ Complications: Non-Invasive Diagnostics and Monitoring

Esteves,

Mendes,

Manadas

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that poses a significant long-term health risk due to its debilitating complications. While the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes are well-established, the monitoring of its numerous complications presents a challenge, which can compromise patients' prognosis and quality of life. We analyzed the proteome of ten saliva samples, five from healthy individuals and five from patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The aim was to identify potential biomarkers of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its complications. We used PANTHER and FUNRICH tools to conduct a functional analysis and enrichment approach. Our findings revealed 622 proteins involved in 16 disrupted biological processes, which are linked to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Metabolic processes, response to stimuli, processes of the immune system, and signaling are notable due to their known relation with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Enrichment analysis has revealed that there are eleven biological processes that have been deregulated. These processes involve twenty different salivary proteins that are associated with multiple complications in diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that saliva is a dependable source of possible biomarkers that can be used to monitor diabetes and its complications.

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“…Alhalwani conducted a review on the role of neutrophil inflammation in T2D (24). Although the link between T2D and inflammation is well established, few studies have used a reliable biomarker to demonstrate a direct association between T2D and the immune system (25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin A levels and its correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as inflammatory biomarkers for dry eye disease in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study

Alhalwani,

Abudawood,

Qadizadah

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundThe neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) level are commonly used as biomarkers for inflammation. Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) may experience an imbalance of tear film and inflammation, which can result in dry eye disease (DED). This study aimed to assess the levels of IgA and explore its correlation with the NLR as potential inflammatory biomarkers for dry eye disease in patients with T2D.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at the cornea clinic and diabetes centre of King Abdulaziz Medical City (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia). The study included patients with DED and the number of available T2D-DED patients determined the sample size. Neutrophil, lymphocyte, IgA and CRP (C-reactive protein) laboratory values were obtained from medical records and correlational analyses were performed.ResultsThe study included 85 patients with an average age of 54 ± 14.4 years for the DED group (n=32) and 62 ± 13.9 years for the T2D-DED group (n=53). The age difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p 0.0001). The NLR values of the T2D-DED and DED groups were 3.203 ± 0.66 and 2.406 ± 0.46, respectively, with no significant difference (p<0.285). Similarly, there were no significant differences in neutrophil and lymphocyte values between the two groups. The IgA levels showed no significant variation between T2D-DED and DED groups (p<0.364). Spearman’s correlation analysis in the DED group showed a significant negative correlation between IgA and lymphocyte (p=0.011; r= - 0.471) values and significant positive correlations between IgA and neutrophil (p=0.014; r=0.309) and NLR (p=0.052; r= - 0.283) values. In the T2D-DED group, a significant correlation was found between IgA and CRP values (p=0.032; r=0.33).ConclusionAlthough diabetic patients may exhibit higher levels of NLR and IgA that correlate with disease severity, our study did not find significant differences in NLR and IgA values between the two groups. These findings may guide future research and enhance understanding of the disease’s underlying mechanisms.

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A Review of Lactoferrin Inflammatory Role in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Neutrophil Dysfunction

Cited by 5 publications

References 86 publications

Clinical Oral Findings and Salivary Analysis of Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus

Clinical Oral Findings and Salivary Analysis of Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus

Saliva for Diabetes’ Complications: Non-Invasive Diagnostics and Monitoring

Immunoglobulin A levels and its correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as inflammatory biomarkers for dry eye disease in type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study

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