A Review of Literatures Related of Using Kenaf for Pulp Production (Beating, Fractionation, and Recycled Fiber)

Abstract

This paper reviews several empirical studies which highlight the using of kenaf for pulp production (beating, fractionation, and recycled fiber). Kenaf is a non-wood pulp source that is alreadly used in parts of the world. Review studies showed that being a dicotyledonous plant, kenaf stem consists of bast and core fibers that are significantly different in chemical and morphological properties. Fiber properties directly influence pulping conditions applied in pulp and papermaking production. Kenaf fibers due to different nature and structure exhibit different behavior during pulping and papermaking. Core pulp due to presence of components with a high surface area coming from pith has low freeness and enhance susceptibility to refining action and pulp rapidly attains freeness value that are quite prohibitive for practical purposes. These short comings restrict the use of core pulp, which probably better used as unrefined. On the contrary, bast pulp refines easily and develops its strength. Due to difference in the quality of bast and core fiber, some researchers have proposed to fiber separation and pulping of each fraction separately and using each pulp lonely or blending refined bast pulp and unrefined core based on final product properties. These review results showed that, there is promised to use of kenaf as whole stem (bast and core together) for technical and economical advantages.

Linerboard Made from Soda-Anthraquinone (Soda-AQ) Treated Coconut Coir Fiber and Effect of Pulp Beating

“…The occurrence of external fibrillation caused by the outer layer of the fiber bonds was removed, exposing fibrils of the secondary wall. This condition created new surfaces that could participate in polyelectrolyte adsorption and inter-fiber bonding (Ahmad Azizi et al 2010). External fibrillation is clearly seen in Figs.…”

“…Linerboard with a high apparent density is meant to have good bonding ability between fibers in paper formation. This is because the presence of fines resulting from the effects of fibrillation is capable of improving sheet consolidation (Ahmad Azizi et al 2010), as is illustrated in Fig. 4.…”

“…Internal fibrillation may cause the intra-fiber bonds to be broken and the cell wall structures to become more porous, enhancing water absorption and thereby creating fiber swelling and fiber flexibility. The swelling of the fibers occurs towards and inwards of the lumen, with a corresponding reduction in the lumen volume, which can result in an increase in fiber surface area after beating (Ahmad Azizi et al 2010;Banavath et al 2011). At beating 1000 revolutions, as illustrated in Fig.…”

“…The fines contribute to the bulk and opacity of the paper. At the same time, internal fibrillation occurs in the pulp fibers, which results in the expansion of fiber swelling and fiber flexibility (Ahmad Azizi et al 2010). Both internal and external fibrillation provide better inter-fiber bonding in paper formation.…”

Effect of Beating Process to Soda Anthraquinone Pulp of Oil Palm Male Flower Spikes Fibre

“…Rushdan [5] concluded this condition was due to the increase in pulp wetness, fibre shortening and fines production. Fines greatly reduce the drainage of water in paper formation by filling pores in the sheet, but provide at same time more fiber -fiber contact area [6]. Fines also retain more water than fibres and behave like a gel to cause pulp freeness to decrease [5].…”