A review of lithium extraction from natural resources

Abstract

Lithium is considered to be the most important energy metal of the 21st century. Because of the development trend of global electrification, the consumption of lithium has increased significantly over the last decade, and it is foreseeable that its demand will continue to increase for a long time. Limited by the total amount of lithium on the market, lithium extraction from natural resources is still the first choice for the rapid development of emerging industries. This paper reviews the recent technological developments in the extraction of lithium from natural resources. Existing methods are summarized by the main resources, such as spodumene, lepidolite, and brine. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. Finally, reasonable suggestions are proposed for the development of lithium extraction from natural resources based on the understanding of existing methods. This review provides a reference for the research, development, optimization, and industrial application of future processes.

Electrochemical Deposition (ECD) of ZnO as the Photoanode in Dual‐Chamber Photocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFC) for Methyl Red Degradation

“…The exposure of ZnO structure has increased the SA/V ratio, hence increased its active site and reduced its potential for reusing while maintaining its degradation efficiency as well as power generation. According to Liu et al., [ 17 ] the lifetime of the IrO 2 –ZrO 2 anode in their study was shorter when the formation of needle‐like ZrO 2 has reached 50% as the SA/V ratio and active site increased. Thus, as the active site increased, the lifetime of ZnO/Zn photoanode reduced significantly.…”

El litio y su cadena de valor

“…Procesos de transformación Aplicaciones Logística y transporte salados. La mayoría de las salmueras en China tienen una relación de masa Mg/Li relativamente alto, por lo que la separación de magnesio y litio en los métodos tradicionales es difícil, lo que limita el desarrollo de la extracción de litio a partir de salmueras con una alta relación de masa Mg/Li (Liu, Baozhong, Yingwei, Chengyan, & Yongqiang, 2023).…”

“…Las reservas de minerales de litio de tipo arcilla representan aproximadamente el 7% de las reservas totales de litio del mundo. Sin embargo, aún no se han desarrollado técnicas y recursos potenciales para la extracción de litio (Liu, Baozhong, Yingwei, Chengyan, & Yongqiang, 2023). Gu y colaboradores (Gu, Guo, & Wen, 2020) propone un proceso de lixiviación para arcilla bauxitica rica en litio utilizando ácido sulfúrico diluido y ácido férrico como agentes de lixiviación.…”

Structural Characterisation of Zeolites Derived from Lithium Extraction: Insights into Channel- and Cage-Type Frameworks

“…Chen and co-workers recently outlined various methods for lithium extraction from beta-spodumene, yielding Si-and Al-rich aluminosilicate residue alongside residual lithium in exchangeable ion form. They proposed utilising this aluminosilicate residue post-extraction for synthesising molecular sieves, specifically zeolites [1].…”