A review of machine learning applications in power system protection and emergency control: opportunities, challenges, and future directions

Abstract

Modern power systems, characterized by complex interconnected networks and renewable energy sources, necessitate innovative approaches for protection and control. Traditional protection schemes are often failing to harness the vast data generated by modern grid systems and are increasingly found inadequate and challenging for some applications. Recognizing the need to address these issues, this paper explores data-driven solutions, focusing on the potential of machine learning (ML) in power system protection and control. It presents a comprehensive review highlighting various applications which are challenging to address from conventional methods. Despite its promise, the integration of ML into power system protection introduces unique challenges. These challenges are examined in the paper, and suggestions are provided to overcome them. Furthermore, the paper identifies potential future research directions, reflecting the progressive trends in ML and its relevance to power system protection and control. This review thereby serves as an essential resource for practitioners and researchers working at the intersection of ML and power systems.