A Review of Magnetic Field Emissions From the Human Body: Sources, Sensors, and Uses

Zhu, Keren; Kiourti, Asimina

doi:10.1109/ojap.2022.3186643

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 172 publications

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“…Other sensors, such as fluxgate and reluctance sensors, cannot meet the detection requirements at present. The sensors include their detection sensitivity and working bandwidth, and are shown in Figure 1 [ 29 , 30 ]. Comparing the different approaches to detecting the bio-magnetic field, due to the sensitivity and size of OPM, it has been a concern of scientists in recent years.…”

Section: System-related Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Magnetic Field Measurement Based on Superconducting Bio-Sensors

Zhang,

He,

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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These years, disease-causing and disabling diseases have caused great concern. Neurological musculoskeletal disorders are diverse and affect people of a wide range of ages. And the lack of comprehensive diagnostic methods places a huge burden on healthcare systems and social economies. In this paper, the current status of clinical research on neuromuscular diseases is introduced, and the advantages of magnetic field measurement compared with clinical diagnostic methods are illustrated. A comprehensive description of the related technology of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), magnetic field detection noise suppression scheme, the development trend of the sensor detection system, and the application and model establishment of the neuromuscular magnetic field is also given in this paper. The current research and development trends worldwide are compared simultaneously, and finally the conclusions and outlook are put forward. Based on the description of the existing literature and the ideas of other researchers, the next development trends and my own research ideas are presented in this paper, that is, starting from the establishment of a neuromuscular model, combining medical and industrial work, designing a sensor system that meets clinical needs, and laying the foundation for the clinical application of a bio-magnetic system. This review promotes a combination between medicine and industry, and guides researchers on considering the challenges of sensor development in terms of clinical needs. In addition, in this paper, the development trends are described, including the establishment of the model, the clinical demand for sensors, and the challenges of system development so as to give certain guidance to researchers.

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Section: System-related Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Magnetic Field Measurement Based on Superconducting Bio-Sensors

Zhang,

He,

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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“…[15,16] SQUID, OPM and spin exchange relaxation free (SERF) magnetometers are able to clearly measure the T waves of MCG. [12] However, the T waves of MCG measured by TMR were drowned by noise in most previous study and the accuracy of T waves measured by TMR has not been studied. As a new method, the clinical value of TMR for MCG measurement is profoundly affected by the T wave accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…MCG provides betterrecognizable T waves than ECG, which is an important reason why MCG can achieve higher diagnostic sensitivity. [12] The time differences between T wave and P wave, T wave and Q wave are named PT interval [13] and QT interval, respectively. The PT interval provides the information to diagnose ischemic heart disease (IHD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of T wave in magnetocardiography using tunnel magnetoresistance sensor

Lu¹,

Ji²,

Yang³

2023

Chinese Phys. B

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Several critical clinical applications of Magnetocardiography (MCG) involve its T wave. The T wave’s accuracy directly affects the diagnostic accuracy of MCG for ischemic heart disease and arrhythmogenic. Tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) attracts attention as a new MCG measurement technique. However, the T waves measured by TMR are often drowned in noise. The accuracy of T waves needs to be discussed to determine the clinical value of MCG measured by TMR. This study uses an improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm and averaging to eliminate the noise in the MCG measured by TMR. The MCG measured by TMR are compared with MCG measured by the optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) to judge its accuracy. Using the MCG measured by OPM as a reference, the relative errors in time and amplitude of the T wave measured by TMR are 3.4% and 1.8%, respectively. This is the first demonstration that TMR can accurately measure the time and amplitude of MCG T waves. The ability to provide reliable T wave data illustrates the significant clinical application value of TMR in MCG measurement.

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“…The high-permeability soft magnetic material, permalloy, is commonly used in the construction of magnetically shielded rooms (MSRs). These rooms are essential for creating the low-magnetic-field environment required for various applications, including biological weak signal measurements [1,2], the development of magnetic measurement instrument [12]. The recently upgraded 'BMSR-2.1', featuring an additional permalloy layer, further increased the shielding factor to 300 000 [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-precision voltammetry method for measuring the permeability of permalloy at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field

Lu,

Hong,

Qiu

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The permeability of permalloy at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is a crucial and fundamental parameter for analyzing the low frequency shielding factor of magnetically shielded rooms. However, due to limitations in the accuracy of the existing magnetic flux signal measuring system, the permeability at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is challenging to precisely determine. Therefore, a high-precision voltammetry method for measuring the permeability of permalloy at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is proposed in this paper. First, the theory of the voltammetry method and the required level of induced voltage accuracy are derived and thoroughly analyzed. Then, the voltage acquisition module with ultra-low noise is designed by using four parallel instrumentation amplifiers, and the magnitude of the noise is quantified by establishing the noise analysis model for the voltage acquisition module. Finally, the system for measuring the permeability at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field is set up, and its feasibility is verified by comparing the measurement results of permeability at 10 Hz with the commercial soft magnetic instrument. The results show that the system is capable of measuring the permeability of permalloy at 0.01 Hz to 1 Hz, with repeatability error of less than 3%. The method can also be applied to measure the permeability of other soft magnetic materials.

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A Review of Magnetic Field Emissions From the Human Body: Sources, Sensors, and Uses

Cited by 15 publications

References 172 publications

Neuromuscular Magnetic Field Measurement Based on Superconducting Bio-Sensors

Neuromuscular Magnetic Field Measurement Based on Superconducting Bio-Sensors

Measurement of T wave in magnetocardiography using tunnel magnetoresistance sensor

High-precision voltammetry method for measuring the permeability of permalloy at ultra-low-frequency magnetic field

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