A review of maize hybrids’ dependence on high plant populations and its implications for crop yield stability

Tokatlidis, Ioannis S.; Koutroubas, Spyridon D.

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2003.11.013

Cited by 261 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A manutenção de um estande adequado de plantas é importante na cultura do milho uma vez que a mesma apresenta grande dependência da população ideal para maximizar o rendimento (Tokatlidis & Koutroubas, 2004) devido principalmente à sua baixa plasticidade morfológica e fenológica.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Manejos de cobertura vegetal e velocidades de operação em condições de semeadura e produtividade de milho

Trogello¹,

Modolo

Scarsi

et al. 2013

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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RESUMOObjetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar parâmetros da qualidade de semeadura e o desenvolvimento e rendimento da cultura do milho semeada no sistema plantio direto sobre diferentes manejos de cobertura vegetal e velocidades de operação da semeadora-adubadora na região sudoeste do estado do Paraná. Utilizouse esquema de parcelas subdivididas, as quais constituíram os manejos de cobertura vegetal da aveia preta (aveia gradeada, rolada, triturada e dessecada) e as subparcelas as velocidades de operação (4,5 e 7,0 km h -1 ) no delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se o espaçamento entre plantas, a uniformidade de distribuição de sementes, a profundidade de semeadura, o índice de velocidade de emergência, o estande de plantas, a área de solo mobilizada e a produtividade média da cultura. Os dados tabulados foram analisados pelo teste F a 0,05 e, apresentando significância, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 0,05 de probabilidade. Concluiu-se que a melhor distribuição de sementes foi observada na menor velocidade e a produtividade média da cultura não foi influenciada pelos tratamentos. Os manejos de cobertura vegetal não se mostraram eficientes na melhoria das condições de semeadura.Palavras-chave: qualidade de semeadura, semeadura direta, cobertura do solo Management of cover vegetation and speed of operation on conditions of sowing and corn yield ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate quality parameters of sowing and the development and yield of maize sown in no tillage system under different vegetation managements and operating speeds of the seeder in the southwest region of the S tate of Paraná. A split-plot design was used, where the plots were the vegetation management of the oat (oat latticed, rolled, chopped and desiccated) and split plot the operation speeds (4.5 and 7.0 km h -1 ), in a randomized block design with four replications. The spacing between plants, uniformity distribution of seed, sowing depth, rate of emergence, plant stand, soil area mobilized and yield of the crop were evaluated. The tabulated data were analysed by F test at 0.05 level of probability and in case of significance, the means were compared by Tukey test at 0.05 probability level. It was concluded that the best seed distribution was observed at lower speed and the mean productivity of the crop was not affected by treatments. The management of vegetation was not effective in improving conditions for sowing.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Manejos de cobertura vegetal e velocidades de operação em condições de semeadura e produtividade de milho

Trogello¹,

Modolo

Scarsi

et al. 2013

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…Lower maize yields in no-tillage or minimum tillage systems compared to conventional tillage systems are widely documented in other similar studies, both when crop rotation was applied, or with continuous maize production (Pederson andLauer 2003, Boomsma et al 2010). This is partly due to the fact that notillage environments are more likely to exhibit non-uniform germination, emergence and early growth and development (Vyn and Hooker 2002), which causes great plant-to-plant variability for multiple morpho-physiological traits, that are associated with yield reduction (Liu et al 2004, Tokatlidis andKoutroubas 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term effects of different soil tillage systems on maize (Zea mays L.) yields

Videnović¹,

Simić²,

Srdić³

et al. 2011

Plant Soil Environ.

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The effects of three tillage systems: no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT), and three levels of fertilization (0, 258 and 516 kg/ha NPK (58:18:24)), on the maize yield during ten years (1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) were analyzed on the chernozem soil type in Zemun Polje, Serbia. Statistical analyses showed significant effects of all three factors i.e., year, soil tillage and amount of fertilizers, and their interactions on the maize yield. The ten-year averages showed that the highest yields were observed with CT (10.61 t/ha), while the averages with RT and NT were lower (8.99 t/ha and 6.85 t/ha, respectively). The results of the influence of the amount of the applied fertilizers on maize yield showed that the lowest yield was in the zero level of fertilization 7.71 t/ha, while the yield was raised when the 258 kg/ha and 516 kg/ha NPK were applied (9.18 t/ha and 9.56 t/ha, respectively). Analyzing the influence of the soil tillage systems on maize production with respect to the amounts of applied fertilizers, this research revealed the benefits of CT under the presented agroecological conditions, irrespective of the level of applied fertilizer.

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“…Indeed, Tokatlidis (2001) emphasized the improved plant yield potential as a mechanism that decreases the threshold of plant number that optimizes productivity and renders the hybrids less population dependent. How stagnation in plant yield potential determines the dependence of hybrids on population and adversely affects their stability because of the necessity to be grown at high populations has been discussed in detail by Tokatlidis and Koutroubas (2004). The role of plant yield potential in terms of the current paper's scope is discussed further hereafter based on more recent research.…”

Section: Environmental Yield Index (Eyi) and Crop Yield Potential (Cyp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The so-far spectacular gain in grain yield per unit area has been primarily due to improvement in tolerance to various stresses, including increased crowding, while responsiveness to enhanced inputs is another cause of higher yields of newer vs. older hybrids (Duvick 1997(Duvick , 2005Tollenaar and Lee 2002;Sangoi et al 2002;Tokatlidis and Koutroubas 2004;Liu and Tollenaar 2009). On the other hand, grain yield stagnation at the individual plant level has been widely recognized (Duvick 1997(Duvick , 2005Sangoi et al 2002;Tollenaar and Lee 2002;Tokatlidis and Koutroubas 2004;Hammer et al 2009;Brekke et al 2011).…”

Section: Development Of Population-neutral Hybridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet hybrids accomplish their per-area yield potential at high and narrow spectrum of populations, i.e., they follow the quadraticplateau regression model (Van Roekel and Coulter 2011). Tokatlidis and Koutroubas (2004) reviewed the adverse effects of indispensable high plant population densities on grain yield stability because of considerable yield loss due primarily to missing plants, increased plant-to-plant variability, raised stalk lodging, and augmented barrenness. This review deals with the issue from another point of view, with more emphasis on the great variability in optimum populations, either on the environmental or on the hybrid basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adapting maize crop to climate change

Tokatlidis

2012

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Global weather changes compel agriculture to be adequately productive under diverse and marginal conditions. In maize, modern hybrids fail to meet this requirement. Although breeding has achieved spectacular progress in grain yield per area through improved tolerance to stresses, including intense crowding, yields at low plant population densities remain almost unchanged. Stagnated plant yield potential renders hybrids unable to take advantage of resource abundance at lower populations, designating them population dependent. Consequently, the optimum population varies greatly across environments. Generally, the due population increases as the environmental yield potential gets higher. As a remedy, relatively low populations are recommended for low-input conditions leading to inappropriate population in occasional adequacy of resources and considerable yield loss. For example, for a rain-fed hybrid tested at one location across 11 seasons, crop yield potential and optimum population on the basis of the quadratic yield-plateau model varied from 1,890 to 8,980 kg/ha and 4.56 to 10.2 plants/m 2 , respectively, while 100 % yield loss is computed in the driest season if the optimum population for the most favorable season is used. The article reviews the consequences in terms of crop sustainability under widely diverse environments imposed by climatic changes and proposes crop management strategies to address the situation. The major points are: (1) variableyielding environments require variable optimum populations, (2) population dependence is an insurmountable barrier in making a decision on plant population, (3) farmers suffer from considerable yield and income loss, (4) estimating the less population-dependent hybrids among the currently cultivated ones is a major challenge for agronomists, and (5) the development of population-neutral hybrids is a fundamental challenge for maize breeding. Honeycomb breeding is a valuable tool to pursue this goal since it places particular emphasis on the so-far stagnated plant yield potential that is essential for population-neutral hybrid development.

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A review of maize hybrids’ dependence on high plant populations and its implications for crop yield stability

Cited by 261 publications

References 24 publications

Manejos de cobertura vegetal e velocidades de operação em condições de semeadura e produtividade de milho

Manejos de cobertura vegetal e velocidades de operação em condições de semeadura e produtividade de milho

Long term effects of different soil tillage systems on maize (Zea mays L.) yields

Adapting maize crop to climate change

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