2022
DOI: 10.17222/mit.2021.337
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A Review of Measuring the Gelation Time in Unsaturated Polyester Resins

Abstract: Unsaturated polyester resins (UPRs) are commonly used as matrix resins for fiber-reinforced composites. During processing, the resins undergo a molecular cross-linking process called curing, during which they change irreversibly from viscous liquids to rigid and highly cross-linked polymer solids. The gelation time is critical for the success of a resin system, but it is difficult to measure accurately. It depends on several parameters. In this study, the parameters investigated are the effect of choice and th… Show more

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Cited by 4 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…For this reason, unsaturated polyester resins are mostly used in combination with reinforcing micro-and nanomaterials. They are extensively used for various applications, especially as insulation materials in many industrial sectors, and are the main object of study for many scientists [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Unsaturated polyester resins are widely used in engineering; they are used for cast insulation in electrical and radio engineering, coatings, and fiberglass used in automobile, shipbuilding, and aircraft construction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For this reason, unsaturated polyester resins are mostly used in combination with reinforcing micro-and nanomaterials. They are extensively used for various applications, especially as insulation materials in many industrial sectors, and are the main object of study for many scientists [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Unsaturated polyester resins are widely used in engineering; they are used for cast insulation in electrical and radio engineering, coatings, and fiberglass used in automobile, shipbuilding, and aircraft construction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In general, the inhibitor affects the curing process and network properties by capturing radicals to prevent chain growth and development. The inhibitor used up during the manufacturing and storage process and the resin has a variable amount of inhibitor[25].…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally, a lower temperature corresponds to a longer gel time, and a higher temperature corresponds to a shorter gel time [ 35 ]; the gel time of UPR is usually controlled to between 35.0 min (the upper limit of gel time) and 23.0 min (the lower limit of gel time) in commercial applications [ 34 , 36 ]. According to the previous research, the foaming agent NH 4 HCO 3 decomposed in a temperature range of 60.0 °C to 90.0 °C [ 29 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, CYHP/TBPO was fit for a temperature range of 65.0–73.0 °C, and MEKP/TBPO was fit for a temperature range of 65.0–75.0 °C. Since the gel time of the resin glue might be shortened with an increase in the dosage of the initiator and even lengthened with a decrease in temperature [ 35 , 37 ], the temperature range of gel time for the resin glue with a dual-initiator was explored and determined according to changes in the content of the dual-initiator and corresponding to the proper gel time. Table 2 shows the temperature range and the corresponding constitution of the CYHP/MEKP dual-initiator, the CYHP/TBPO dual-initiator, and the MEKP/TBPO dual-initiator, which conformed to the gel time requirements.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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