A Review of Mechanical Properties of Scaffold in Tissue Engineering: Aloe Vera Composites

Tran, Thanh Tam; Hamid, Zuratul Ain Abdul; Cheong, Kuan Yew

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1082/1/012080

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The mechanical properties are key features for the success of scaffold implants and their integration with the surrounding tissue. In fact, the native skin is characterized by tensile strength values approximately between 5.0 and 30.0 MPa (5000-30,000 mN/mm 2 ), the Young's modulus in the range of 4.6-20.0 MPa (46-200 mN/cm 2 ) and the elongation at break of about 35.0-115.0% [29]. Clearly, the ranges of the reference values are wide since the mechanical properties of the skin are strictly related to age and body lines (static lines, as described by Langer, Kraissl's lines or Borge's lines) [30].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norfloxacin-Loaded Electrospun Scaffolds: Montmorillonite Nanocomposite vs. Free Drug

et al. 2020

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Infections in nonhealing wounds remain one of the major challenges. Recently, nanomedicine approach seems a valid option to overcome the antibiotic resistance mechanisms. The aim of this study was the development of three types of polysaccharide-based scaffolds (chitosan-based (CH), chitosan/chondroitin sulfate-based (CH/CS), chitosan/hyaluronic acid-based (CH/HA)), as dermal substitutes, to be loaded with norfloxacin, intended for the treatment of infected wounds. The scaffolds have been loaded with norfloxacin as a free drug (N scaffolds) or in montmorillonite nanocomposite (H—hybrid-scaffolds). Chitosan/glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulfate or hyaluronic acid) scaffolds were prepared by means of electrospinning with a simple, one-step process. The scaffolds were characterized by 500 nm diameter fibers with homogeneous structures when norfloxacin was loaded as a free drug. On the contrary, the presence of nanocomposite caused a certain degree of surface roughness, with fibers having 1000 nm diameters. The presence of norfloxacin–montmorillonite nanocomposite (1%) caused higher deformability (90–120%) and lower elasticity (5–10 mN/cm2), decreasing the mechanical resistance of the systems. All the scaffolds were proven to be degraded via lysozyme (this should ensure scaffold resorption) and this sustained the drug release (from 50% to 100% in 3 days, depending on system composition), especially when the drug was loaded in the scaffolds as a nanocomposite. Moreover, the scaffolds were able to decrease the bioburden at least 100-fold, proving that drug loading in the scaffolds did not impair the antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin. Chondroitin sulfate and montmorillonite in the scaffolds are proven to possess a synergic performance, enhancing the fibroblast proliferation without impairing norfloxacin’s antimicrobial properties. The scaffold based on chondroitin sulfate, containing 1% norfloxacin in the nanocomposite, demonstrated adequate stiffness to sustain fibroblast proliferation and the capability to sustain antimicrobial properties to prevent/treat nonhealing wound infection during the healing process.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Norfloxacin-Loaded Electrospun Scaffolds: Montmorillonite Nanocomposite vs. Free Drug

et al. 2020

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“…Scaffolds suitable for tissue engineering must provide temporary mechanical support for cells during tissue growth . Therefore, determination of the scaffold mechanical properties by conducting tensile tests is important, especially for scaffolds intended for bone and cartilage regeneration . The tensile behavior of different types of fibrous mats is shown in Figure B, and the results of porosity and mechanical characterization are shown in Table .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Blend Fibrous Polyethylene Oxide:Polycaprolactone Scaffolds to Promote Cartilage Regeneration

et al. 2020

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Fibrous scaffolds can be used to mimic the structure of cartilage extracellular matrix aiming at cartilage regeneration through optimal utilization of such scaffolds and chondrogenic cells. Herein, different types of fibrous structures are manufactured through electrospinning of blends of polyethylene oxide (PEO) and polycaprolactone (PCL), and the physical and chemical characteristics of the produced fiber mats are investigated. The amount of PEO influenced hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and mechanical properties of the blend fibers. To assess the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the scaffolds as well as the effect of fiber orientation, in vitro cell culture studies with a chondrogenic cell line (ATDC5) are conducted. The results show no cytotoxicity of the developed fibrous structures. A promising fibrous scaffold technology is presented with potential applications in cartilage tissue engineering.

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“…Native skin shows tensile strength values between 5.0 and 30.0 MPa, a Young’s modulus in the range of 4.6–20.0 MPa and elongation at break of about 35.0–115.0%; these values are wide since the skin mechanical properties vary depending on the body area, and the ageing (thinner and less flexible [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]). The ability of the scaffold to maintain its integrity during grafting is related to the tensile strength, while the performance of the scaffold upon grafting is related to elongation and the Young’s modulus.…”

Section: Definition Of the Quality Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of the scaffold to maintain its integrity during grafting is related to the tensile strength, while the performance of the scaffold upon grafting is related to elongation and the Young’s modulus. Furthermore, scaffolds intended as dermal substitutes should exhibit good mechanical strength to ensure fibroblast adhesion and proliferation [ 93 ].…”

Section: Definition Of the Quality Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanotechnology-Based Medical Devices for the Treatment of Chronic Skin Lesions: From Research to the Clinic

et al. 2020

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Chronic wounds, such as pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers, venous ulcers and arterial insufficiency ulcers, are lesions that fail to proceed through the normal healing process within a period of 12 weeks. The treatment of skin chronic wounds still represents a great challenge. Wound medical devices (MDs) range from conventional and advanced dressings, up to skin grafts, but none of these are generally recognized as a gold standard. Based on recent developments, this paper reviews nanotechnology-based medical devices intended as skin substitutes. In particular, nanofibrous scaffolds are promising platforms for wound healing, especially due to their similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and their capability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, and to restore skin integrity, when grafted into the wound site. Nanotechnology-based scaffolds are emphasized here. The discussion will be focused on the definition of critical quality attributes (chemical and physical characterization, stability, particle size, surface properties, release of nanoparticles from MDs, sterility and apyrogenicity), the preclinical evaluation (biocompatibility testing, alternative in vitro tests for irritation and sensitization, wound healing test and animal wound models), the clinical evaluation and the CE (European Conformity) marking of nanotechnology-based MDs.

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A Review of Mechanical Properties of Scaffold in Tissue Engineering: Aloe Vera Composites

Cited by 67 publications

References 44 publications

Norfloxacin-Loaded Electrospun Scaffolds: Montmorillonite Nanocomposite vs. Free Drug

Norfloxacin-Loaded Electrospun Scaffolds: Montmorillonite Nanocomposite vs. Free Drug

Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Blend Fibrous Polyethylene Oxide:Polycaprolactone Scaffolds to Promote Cartilage Regeneration

Nanotechnology-Based Medical Devices for the Treatment of Chronic Skin Lesions: From Research to the Clinic

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