A review of methods for synthesis of nanostructured metals with emphasis on iron compounds

Abstract

Synthesis of metal nanoparticles with specific properties is a newly established research area attracting a great deal of attention. Several methods have been put forward for synthesis of these materials, namely chemical vapor condensation, arc discharge, hydrogen plasma—metal reaction, and laser pyrolysis in the vapor phase, microemulsion, hydrothermal, sol-gel, sonochemical, and microbial processes taking place in the liquid phase, and ball milling carried out in the solid phase.The properties of metal nanoparticles depend largely on their synthesis procedures. In this paper the fundamentals, advantages, and disadvantages of each synthesis method are discussed.

Some wet routes for synthesis of hematite nanostructures

“…Hydrothermal synthesis refers to chemical reactions taking place at high temperature and pressure in a sealed vessel (usually in an autoclave or a Parr bomb) and in water as the solvent or other organic solvents in which case the term solvothermal becomes more appropriate (Burda et al, 2005;Feng and Xu, 2000;Mohapatra and Anand, 2010;Tavakoli et al, 2007). It is a well known method for synthesis of zeolite, molecular sieves, microporous ceramic nanocrystals and a host of other very important materials (Feng and Xu, 2000).…”

“…e.g. chemical vapour condensation, laser pyrolysis and arc discharge) (Tavakoli et al, 2007) or solid state chemical reaction (reactions take place in solid state e.g. mechanochemical high energy or ball milling, it involves milling of the precursors at high energy to form nanomaterials) (Karami, 2010;Tavakoli et al, 2007).…”

A Review of Methods for Synthesis of Al Nanoparticles

“…Before a mechanical milling is started, powder(s) is loaded together with several heavy balls (steel or tungsten carbide) in a container. By vigorously shaking or high-speed rotation, a high mechanical energy is applied on the powders because of collision with heavy balls 10 . A type of ball mill is shown in Figure 1 12 .…”

“…Generally, metal nanoparticles can be prepared and stabilized by chemical, physical and biological methods; the chemical approach, such as chemical reduction, electrochemical techniques, photochemical reduction and pyrolysis and physical methods, such as Arc-discharge and physical vapor condensation (pvc) is used 9,10 . Living organisms have huge potential for the production of nanoparticles/nanodevices of wide applications 11 .…”

Extracellular synthesis of copper nanoparticles using culture supernatants of Salmonella typhimurium

“…Metal nanoparticles exhibit unique electronic, magnetic, catalytic and optical properties that are different from those of bulk metals. Among different metal particles, copper nanoparticles, due to their unique physical and chemical properties and low cost preparation, have been of great interest recently [2][3][4] . .…”